Comparative Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Polymer-Based Matrix Tablets for the Controlled Delivery of Nifedipine: A Review

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@article{1722288,
      author = {Pankaj Kumar, Vinod Kumar Singh},
      title = {Comparative Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Polymer-Based Matrix Tablets for the Controlled Delivery of Nifedipine: A Review},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {1127-1137},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722288.pdf},
      abstract = {Controlled drug delivery systems improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance by maintaining steady plasma drug concentrations over extended periods. Among the available controlled-release platforms, matrix tablets are the most widely used because of their formulation simplicity, low cost, robustness, and ease of large-scale manufacture by direct compression. This review critically examines the comparative use of natural and synthetic polymers as release-controlling agents in matrix tablets for the controlled delivery of nifedipine, a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker indicated in hypertension and angina. Nifedipine belongs to Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II, exhibiting low aqueous solubility, dissolution-rate-limited absorption, extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism, and a short elimination half-life of about two to four hours; these properties make it both a challenging and an ideal candidate for sustained-release formulation. The review surveys the principal natural gums—guar gum, xanthan gum, sodium alginate, and chitosan—and the principal synthetic polymers—hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ethyl cellulose—and compares them across the dimensions of biodegradability, biocompatibility, cost, batch-to-batch consistency, regulatory acceptance, and release-controlling performance. The mechanisms of drug release from hydrophilic and hydrophobic matrices, the rational design of a fifteen-batch comparative formulation programme, and the full pre-compression, post-compression, swelling, dissolution, and release-kinetic evaluation framework are described, together with stability assessment under International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) conditions. The evidence indicates that natural gums can match synthetic polymers in their capacity to sustain nifedipine release while offering substantial advantages in cost and sustainability, and that a systematic comparative study is well justified to define their optimal use as cost-effective, eco-friendly alternatives in controlled-release product development.},
      keywords = {Nifedipine, Matrix Tablets, Controlled Release, Natural Polymers, Synthetic Polymers, Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, HPMC, Ethyl Cellulose, Release Kinetics, Direct Compression, Sustained Drug Delivery.},
      month = {August},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722288}
  }