Leveraging Volunteered Geographic Information and High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in a Web-GIS Framework for Smart Campus Navigation

References

[1] Antoniou, V., Ragia, L., & Nomikou, P. (2020). Vector tiles vs. raster tiles for dynamic web mapping: Performance analysis. Geo-spatial Information Science, 23(4), 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2020.1798361

[2] Aziz, F. A. A., & Omar, N. (2025). Development of a web-based GIS application for Politeknik Ungku Omar using QGIS and Leaflet. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, Teknologi dan Sains Sosial, 11(2), 160–169.

[3] Barvíř, R., & Voženílek, V. (2020). Graphic density of web-mapping platforms: Evaluation of cartographic content. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(11), Article 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110665

[4] Brovelli, M. A., Li, K. J., & Eom, K. S. (2021). Moving toward open geospatial systems: The UN Open GIS initiative. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLIII-B4-2021, 183–188. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B4-2021-183-2021

[5] Çardak, G., Topcu, İ., & Anbaroğlu, B. (2026). An open source framework for routing and event management in university campuses. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XI-5-2026, 25–33.

[6] CesiumJS. (2026). CesiumJS 3D geospatial visualization platform. Cesium. https://cesium.com/platform/cesiumjs/

[7] Coetzee, S., Ivánová, I., Sititham, P., & Rautenbach, V. (2020). Open source software for spatial data infrastructures: A systematic review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(11), Article 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110680

[8] Delling, D., & Werneck, R. F. (2013). Customizable point-of-interest queries in road networks (Technical Report No. MSR-TR-2013-90). Microsoft Research.

[9] Goodchild, M. F. (2007). Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geographic information. GeoJournal, 69(4), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y

[10] Haklay, M. (2010). How good is volunteered geographical information? A comparative study of OpenStreetMap and Ordnance Survey datasets. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 37(4), 682–703. https://doi.org/10.1068/b35145

[11] Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). OpenStreetMap: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2008.80

[12] Haque, R., Razzak, M. A., & Zeleti, F. A. (2024). Advancing sustainable transport in Ireland (MaaS4IRL Project Report). Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland.

[13] Jean-Daubias, S., et al. (2024). Use of OSM for the OPALE campus application: Mutual benefits and future developments. HAL Open Science, Article 04512984.

[14] Kufoniyi, O., & Akinyede, J. O. (2004). Mainstreaming geospatial information for sustainable national development in Nigeria. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 35(B4), 7–13.

[15] Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information science and systems (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

[16] Mapbox. (2026). Vector tile specification. Mapbox Documentation. https://docs.mapbox.com/vector-tiles/specification/

[17] Mokbel, M. F., Sakr, M., Xiong, L., Züfle, A., Yuan, J., Jensen, C. S., Magdy, A., Shekhar, S., & Zeitouni, K. (2024). Mobility data science: Perspectives and challenges. ACM Transactions on Spatial Algorithms and Systems, 10(2), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3652158

[18] Neelakantappa, B. B., Madhura, S., Meghana, C. L., & Mandara, H. P. (2025). Smart campus navigation system. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 7(1), Article 34970.

[19] Netek, R., Masopust, J., Pawinger, C., & Voženílek, V. (2020). Performance testing on vector tile map rendering in web browsers. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(10), Article 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100620

[20] Neumann, B. (2008). Web mapping and WebCartography. In L. Liu & M. T. Özsu (Eds.), Encyclopedia of database systems (pp. 3521–3526). Springer.

[21] Nivala, A.-M., Brewster, S., & Sarjakoski, L. T. (2008). Usability evaluation of web mapping sites. The Cartographic Journal, 45(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1179/174327708X307585

[22] Open Geospatial Consortium. (2021). OpenGIS Web Map Service (WMS) implementation specification (Version 1.3.0). OGC. https://www.ogc.org/standards/wms

[23] OpenStreetMap Contributors. (n.d.-a). Copyright and license. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved August 9, 2026, from https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright

[24] Philippopoulos, P. I., Drivas, I. C., Tselikas, N. D., Koutrakis, K. N., Melidi, E., & Kous, D. (2024). A holistic approach for enhancing museum performance and visitor experience. Sensors, 24(3), Article 966. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030966

[25] Rajabifard, A., & Williamson, I. P. (2002). Spatial Data Infrastructures: An initiative to facilitate spatial data sharing. Global Environmental Databases, 2, 107–115.

[26] Rana, S., & Joliveau, T. (2009). NeoGeography: An extension of mainstream Web 2.0 or a new scientific paradigm for Geographic Information Science? Journal of Location Based Services, 3(2), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17489720903130006

[27] Roth, R. E., Donohue, R. G., Sack, C. M., Wallace, T. R., & Buckingham, O. A. (2014). Process design for web mapping: Applications and lessons from the Penn State Online Master’s in GIS program. Cartographic Perspectives, (78), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.14714/CP78.1274

[28] Roth, R. E., Sack, C. M., Baldrica-Franklin, G., Underwood, N., & Donohue, R. G. (2021). Web mapping: A workbook for interactive cartography and visualization on the Open Web. Abstracts of the ICA, 3, Article 248. https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-248-2021

[29] Sack, C. M. (2017). Web mapping. The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (3rd Qtr 2017 ed.). University Consortium for Geographic Information Science. https://doi.org/10.22224/gistbok/2017.3.11

[30] Sanni, O. J., & Ahmed, M. B. (2023). Geo-spatial modeling and campus web-GIS development: A paradigm shift for smart infrastructure in Nigerian universities. African Journal of Geo-Informatics, 7(2), 114–128.

[31] Shah, P., Patel, J., Adhvaryu, J., & Prajapati, J. (2025). Spatial Data Infrastructure for Sustainable Development: Evaluating PM Gati Shakti as India’s geospatial framework. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 10, 571–576.

[32] Skopeliti, A., & Stamou, L. (2019). Quality assessment of web map basemaps: A cartographic evaluation. Proceedings of the International Cartographic Association, 2, Article 120. https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-120-2019

[33] Soulé, F. (2024). Negotiating Africa’s digital partnerships amid geopolitical competition (Special Report). Centre for International Governance Innovation.

[34] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2023). Global geospatial information management in Africa: Financial appropriation framework and the economic benefits of geospatial information in Africa. United Nations Digital Repository. https://hdl.handle.net/10855/50655

[35] Veenendaal, B., Brovelli, M. A., & Li, S. (2017). Review of web mapping: Eras, trends and directions. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(10), Article 317. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6100317

[36] Wang, L. (2014). Usability and user experience testing of interactive web mapping interfaces. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 45, 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2014.03.001

[37] Warekuromor, T., James, A., Anifowose, B., & Trodd, N. (2017). A distributed, scalable and provenance-enabled data access protocol for spatial data infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) (pp. 180–185). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD.2017.8066691

@article{1722297,
      author = {Warekuromor Tubolayefa (PhD), Adepoju Mathew Olumide (PhD); Alaga Abayomi Taofeek (PhD); Jega Idris Mohammed (PhD); Ashibuogwu Kevin, Umar Tanimu Yakubu; Okonkwo-Bruno Chukwunweike; Bulus Emmanuel Duwongs (PhD); Mohammed Jibril Turaki, Alfred Joy Ojochona; Abah Catherine Jummai; Ebuh Alexandra Chukwuyem; Isa Bilyaminu Shamaki, Osayi Victor Nnabuike; Yahaya Ahmed; Mustapha Abbas Yahuza; Sunmola Kudirat Oladayo},
      title = {Leveraging Volunteered Geographic Information and High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in a Web-GIS Framework for Smart Campus Navigation},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {1317-1332},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722297.pdf},
      abstract = {Micro-scale navigation within academic campuses, government complexes, and scientific facilities represents a significant research and application gap for standard Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) platforms. This gap is primarily driven by the absence of granular internal routing networks and facility-level spatial metadata. Commercial web-mapping applications routinely depict large institutional campuses as featureless geometric boundary polygons, creating geographic voids that lack internal pedestrian walkways and building entry points. This paper presents the technical design, system architecture, and practical deployment of NasrdaNavi, a web-based campus navigation system developed for the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) headquarters at the Obasanjo Space Centre in Abuja, Nigeria. Utilizing a hybrid geospatial pipeline, the system integrates localized drone imagery from the NASRDA data pipeline, crowdsourced vectors from OpenStreetMap (OSM), and high-resolution ESRI World Imagery satellite basemaps. These multi-source spatial layers were geometrically cleaned, topologically corrected in QGIS, and served via a lightweight Flask backend and MapLibre GL JS client engine. The single-page application (SPA) executes real-time hardware geolocation tracking, attribute-based point-of-interest (POI) queries, dynamic reachable-area (isochrone) polygon generation, and client-side pathfinding across private institutional road and footpath networks without heavy server-side processing. This study provides a cost-effective, replicable framework for overcoming last-mile campus navigation bottlenecks while operationalizing practical space-to-earth geospatial solutions within Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) guidelines and addressing critical constraints of national spatial data sovereignty.},
      keywords = {Web-GIS, Campus Micro-Navigation, OpenStreetMap, MapLibre GL JS, Satellite Imagery, Data Sovereignty, Spatial Data Infrastructure},
      month = {August},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722297}
  }