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Phytochemical Analysis and Partial Characterization of n-Hexane Extract of Annona Senegalensis Seeds by GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Organic Chemistry
Abstract
Annona senegalensis Persoon (Annonaceae), known as African custard-apple, is widely used in traditional medicine. Despite extensive studies on leaves and bark, seed phytochemistry remains underexplored. This study evaluated the n-hexane extract of A. senegalensis seeds for bioactive compounds using GC–MS, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Seeds collected from Kwaja, Mubi South, Nigeria, were air-dried, powdered, and extracted via Soxhlet with n-hexane. Phytochemical quantification revealed high levels of tannins (17.13 g/100 g), alkaloids (13.78 g/100 g), saponins (12.05 g/100 g), terpenoids (12.02 g/100 g), flavonoids (11.37 g/100 g), and steroids (4.12 g/100 g). GC–MS identified major compounds including 4-methyl-decane and cis-5-decen-1-yl acetate. FTIR spectra confirmed functional groups such as O–H, C–H, C=O, and C–O, while UV–Vis analysis indicated conjugated systems typical of phenolics and flavonoids. The results demonstrate that A. senegalensis seeds are rich in lipophilic bioactive metabolites, supporting their traditional medicinal use and highlighting their potential for nutraceutical, therapeutic, and industrial applications.
Keywords
Annona senegalensis; n-hexane extract; phytochemicals; GC–MS; FTIR; UV–Vis; bioactive compounds
References
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How to cite this paper
@article{1722382,
author = {Omosebi Yusuf Sesan, Tagwi Ezekiel Williams, Muluh Emmanuel Khan},
title = {Phytochemical Analysis and Partial Characterization of n-Hexane Extract of Annona Senegalensis Seeds by GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {3817-3825},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722382.pdf},
abstract = {Annona senegalensis Persoon (Annonaceae), known as African custard-apple, is widely used in traditional medicine. Despite extensive studies on leaves and bark, seed phytochemistry remains underexplored. This study evaluated the n-hexane extract of A. senegalensis seeds for bioactive compounds using GC–MS, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Seeds collected from Kwaja, Mubi South, Nigeria, were air-dried, powdered, and extracted via Soxhlet with n-hexane. Phytochemical quantification revealed high levels of tannins (17.13 g/100 g), alkaloids (13.78 g/100 g), saponins (12.05 g/100 g), terpenoids (12.02 g/100 g), flavonoids (11.37 g/100 g), and steroids (4.12 g/100 g). GC–MS identified major compounds including 4-methyl-decane and cis-5-decen-1-yl acetate. FTIR spectra confirmed functional groups such as O–H, C–H, C=O, and C–O, while UV–Vis analysis indicated conjugated systems typical of phenolics and flavonoids. The results demonstrate that A. senegalensis seeds are rich in lipophilic bioactive metabolites, supporting their traditional medicinal use and highlighting their potential for nutraceutical, therapeutic, and industrial applications.},
keywords = {Annona senegalensis; n-hexane extract; phytochemicals; GC–MS; FTIR; UV–Vis; bioactive compounds},
month = {August},
}