Assess The Frequency, Intensity, and Spatial Patterns of Flooding and Erosion Hazards Across Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

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@article{1722450,
      author = {Chukwujindu Ikenna Chukwunonso, Gobo Akuro Ephraim, Ogboeli Goodluck Prince},
      title = {Assess The Frequency, Intensity, and Spatial Patterns of Flooding and Erosion Hazards Across Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {1735-1747},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722450.pdf},
      abstract = {Flooding and erosion are major environmental hazards in Ogbaru Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra State. This study assessed their frequency, intensity, severity, and spatial distribution across eight selected communities: Atani, Ossomala, Ogbakuba, Odekpe, Akili-Ogidi, Mputu, Ogwuikpele, and Okpoko. A mixed-methods design combining questionnaire surveys, field observations, GPS mapping, and GIS analysis was adopted. Of 422 questionnaires administered, 377 were retrieved, representing an 89.34% response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, weighted means, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and GIS-based spatial analysis. Odekpe recorded the highest annual flood frequency (3.5 ± 1.2 events), longest inundation duration (25 days), greatest flood depth (1.8 m), and highest perceived flood-intensity score (3.17), while Mputu recorded the lowest values. Flood frequency differed significantly among communities, F(7,369) = 8.64, p < 0.001. Heavy rainfall (92.3%), River Niger overflow (88.6%), and poor drainage (79.8%) were the leading perceived flood drivers. Gully erosion was most prominent in Odekpe (48%), which recorded very high erosion severity. Spatial analysis identified Atani Waterfront and Ossomala Riverbank as very-high flood-risk locations, while Odekpe Gully Site, Ogwuikpele River Margin, and Okpoko Drainage Channel were high-risk areas. The study concludes that flooding and erosion in Ogbaru are recurrent and spatially heterogeneous, requiring community-specific interventions, improved drainage and waterway management, erosion control, environmental restoration, and GIS-supported disaster-risk reduction planning.},
      keywords = {flooding, erosion, spatial patterns, flood frequency, flood intensity, erosion hazards, climate change, environmental hazards, land degradation},
      month = {August},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722450}
  }