International Peer-Reviewed Journal•Open Access•ISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com•+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1722467

1722467 Vol 10 · Issue 2 Download Paper

Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys

Sanjeep Yadav Dr. Ramesh Bharti

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: Power Electronics

DOI: 10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467

Abstract

The use of transformers is vital in an electrical power system as they are expensive to acquire and maintain, which influences their lifecycle. This paper discusses the effect of material selection on the diameter of the core after giving a comparative study of the core geometry. Using MATLAB based mathematical modeling, the author analyzed the relationship between flux density, volt per turn of the two types of metals producing energy in the core. The benchmark of the simulation was set to be 100 kVA distribution transformer. The findings of the research showed that while Amorphous metals significantly decrease the loss of energy in the core, they're bigger in diameters (14-20% more than CRGO) because they have lower limits of magnetic saturation and stacking factors of the core.

Keywords

power transformer design, core material, CRGO steel, amorphous metal, core diameter, stacking factor

References

[1] J. C. Olivares-Galvan, "Design of a Three-Phase Shell-Type Distribution Transformer Using Evolutionary Algorithms," 2023.

[2] J. C. Olivares-Galvan, S. V. Kulkarni, R. Escarela-Perez, and E. Campero-Littlewood, "Optimal design of single-phase shell-type distribution transformers," Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 349–367, 2011.

[3] P. S. Georgilakis, "Multiobjective genetic algorithm solution to the optimum design of distribution transformers," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 240–246, 2009.

[4] A. K. Sawhney and A. Chakrabarti, A Course in Electrical Machine Design. New Delhi, India: Dhanpat Rai & Co., 2006.

[5] S. V. Kulkarni and S. A. Khaparde, Transformer Engineering: Design, Technology, and Diagnostics, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: CRC Press, 2017.

[6] R. M. Del Vecchio, B. Poulin, P. T. Feghali, D. M. Shah, and R. Ahuja, Transformer Design Principles: With Applications to Core-Form Power Transformers, 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2010.

[7] Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), India, "BEE Star Rating for Distribution Transformers." [Online]. Available: https://beeindia.gov.in/

[8] M. Ramamurthy, Computer-Aided Design of Electrical Equipment. New Delhi, India: Affiliated East-West Press, 1986.

[9] F. Fiorillo and G. Bertotti, "The prediction of magnetization curves and power losses in soft magnetic materials," IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2998–3003, Sep. 1992.

[10] JFE Steel Corporation, "CRGO Electrical Steel," Product Datasheet.

[11] R. Hasegawa, "Properties of amorphous alloys," in Handbook of Magnetic Materials, vol. 15, K. H. J. Buschow, Ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2010, pp. 473–558.

[12] Hitachi Metals America, Ltd., "Metglas® Amorphous Metal Distribution Transformer Cores," Technical Brochure.

[13] P. S. Georgilakis, M. A. Tsili, and A. G. Kladas, "A comparative study of amorphous iron and grain-oriented silicon steel in transformer design," J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 201, no. 1–3, pp. 572–576, May 2008.

[14] R. W. Hamming, "Optimal design of a transformer," Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1165–1175, Apr. 1971.

[15] X. S. Yang, Engineering Optimization: An Introduction with Metaheuristic Applications. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.

[16] D. E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley, 1989.

[17] J. Olivares, C. A. Cañizares, and M. Kazerani, "A genetic algorithm based method for the optimal design of distribution transformers," in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Winter Meeting, 2002, vol. 1, pp. 467–472.

[18] P. S. Georgilakis and N. D. Hatziargyriou, "A genetic algorithm approach for the optimal design of distribution transformers," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Syst. Technol. (PowerCon), 2002, vol. 1, pp. 483–488.

[19] J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, "Particle swarm optimization," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Netw. (ICNN), 1995, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948.

[20] S. Abdi, E. Afjei, and A. Ghaffari, "Optimal design of a single phase transformer using particle swarm optimization algorithm," in Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Elect. Electron. Eng. (ELECO), 2009, pp. 132–136.

[21] CIGRE Working Group A2.32, "Guide for determination of transformer capitalized cost," Technical Brochure 423, 2010.

[22] N. Ahmed, "Transformer Design," Dept. Elect. Eng., DIT Univ., Dehradun, India.

[23] P. S. Georgilakis, "Transformer Design Optimization," Power Syst., vol. 38, pp. 331–376, 2009.

[24] F. Işık and Y. Uyaroğlu, "Amorphous core transformers efficiency analysis in Turkish electrical distribution systems," Turk. J. Elec. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 23, pp. 1523–1535, 2015, doi: 10.3906/elk-1401-195.

[25] A. R. Balakrishna and R. D. James, "A tool to predict coercivity in magnetic materials," Dec. 2020, arXiv:2012.09320. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.09320

How to cite this paper

Sanjeep Yadav, Dr. Ramesh Bharti "Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 2 2026 Page 1827-1831 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467
Sanjeep Yadav, Dr. Ramesh Bharti "Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467
Sanjeep Yadav, Dr. Ramesh Bharti (2026). Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467
Sanjeep Yadav, Dr. Ramesh Bharti "Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467
@article{1722467,
      author = {Sanjeep Yadav, Dr. Ramesh Bharti},
      title = {Comparative Geometric Analysis of Power Transformer Cores: CRGO Vs. Amorphous Metal Alloys},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {1827-1831},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722467.pdf},
      abstract = {The use of transformers is vital in an electrical power system as they are expensive to acquire and maintain, which influences their lifecycle. This paper discusses the effect of material selection on the diameter of the core after giving a comparative study of the core geometry. Using MATLAB based mathematical modeling, the author analyzed the relationship between flux density, volt per turn of the two types of metals producing energy in the core. The benchmark of the simulation was set to be 100 kVA distribution transformer. The findings of the research showed that while Amorphous metals significantly decrease the loss of energy in the core, they're bigger in diameters (14-20% more than CRGO) because they have lower limits of magnetic saturation and stacking factors of the core.},
      keywords = {power transformer design, core material, CRGO steel, amorphous metal, core diameter, stacking factor},
      month = {August},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722467}
  }