Development of an AI-Integrated IoT System for Bird Detection and Repelling in Farmlands

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@article{1722535,
      author = {Yakubu Abubakar Maidu, Dr. Musa Abdullahi Yola},
      title = {Development of an AI-Integrated IoT System for Bird Detection and Repelling in Farmlands},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {3792-3798},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722535.pdf},
      abstract = {Bird-related crop damage presents a persistent and significant challenge for farmers, particularly those cultivating small plots in developing regions. This study introduces and evaluates an AI-enhanced Internet of Things (IoT) system designed to detect and repel birds from farmland. The system integrates a Passive Infrared (PIR) motion sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, a GSM module, an LED indicator, and an LCD to enable real-time field monitoring and alert farmers via SMS and voice calls when it detects bird activity. Field trials conducted at ten sites in Gombe State, Nigeria, demonstrated 90% motion-detection accuracy, effectively distinguishing genuine bird intrusions from non-threatening environmental movements. The system correctly identified motion in eight of ten tests, with the alarm triggering as intended in seven cases, improving on the 87% detection rate reported by Pendhari et al. (2020). The system's consistent performance, prompt alerting, and operational stability indicate its suitability for deployment in diverse agricultural contexts. Future work will focus on adding power backup, refining detection algorithms to minimize false alarms, extending field trial durations, and integrating advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to further improve accuracy and adaptability.},
      keywords = {Passive Infrared Sensor, Light Emitting Diode, Liquid Crystal Display, Internet of Things (IoT), Bird Repelling System, Smart Agriculture},
      month = {August},
  }