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Autonomous Fire-Fighting Robotic Vehicle Using Arduino
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Internet of Things
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722672
Abstract
Fire incidents in industrial, laboratory and restricted environments can expose firefighters to extreme temperature, toxic gases, explosions and structural hazards. This work presents the design and implementation of a compact autonomous fire-fighting robotic vehicle based on an Arduino Uno controller. The prototype integrates infrared flame sensors, geared DC motors, a motor driver, a servo-controlled water nozzle, a water pump, a lithium-ion battery and a microcontroller-based decision algorithm. The robot continuously monitors the fire-sensor outputs, determines the direction of the detected flame, moves toward the source and activates a water-spraying mechanism. The nozzle is swept by a servo motor to increase the effective coverage of the extinguishing stream. The original prototype dissertation demonstrates the complete hardware, software and control sequence, including forward, backward, left, right and stop functions. The present paper reformulates that work as a research article and identifies the experimental parameters that should be reported for publication-quality validation. The approach is intended as a low-cost platform for initial fire response in controlled indoor environments, rather than as a replacement for certified industrial firefighting equipment.
Keywords
fire-fighting robot, Arduino Uno, flame sensor, autonomous navigation, water pump, servo motor, fire detection, robotics.
References
[1] M. M. Maruf, M. M. H. Sagor, S. K. Kanta, and M. H. Imran, “An Autonomous Arduino-based Firefighting Robot for Laboratory Environments,” International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 187, no. 28, pp. 56–65, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.5120/ijca2025925488.
[2] P. M. R. Adilshah, S. R. Kukde, U. F. Shaikh, and J. B. Choudhari, “Autonomous Fire Fighting Robot Using Arduino,” International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 194–197, May 2022.
[3] N. Kaur, S. Singh, A. Chaudhary, A. Sharma, A. Rahim, and P. K. Malik, “Firefighting Robot Using Arduino and Sensor-Based Detection,” Proc. 2025 International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Innovation for Sustainability (EmergIN 2025), pp. 742–746, 2025, doi: 10.1109/emergin67762.2025.11450590.
[4] T. Yang, W. Ding, Y. Wang, T. Chen, and D. Mu, “Real-time flame detection and localization for firefighting robots,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 194, art. 105147, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.robot.2025.105147.
[5] K. Chenchireddy, R. Dora, V. Jagan, G. Basha Mulla, V. Jegathesan, and S. A. Sydu, “Design of a prototype firefighting robot based on an Arduino microcontroller using machine learning technique,” IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 31–37, 2025.
[6] K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science, “Fire Fighting Robotic Vehicle Using Arduino,” B.Sc. Physics dissertation, Department of Physics, Tiruchengode, India, May 2025. (Source project manuscript.)
[7] K. L. Su, “Automatic Fire Detection System Using Adaptive Fusion Algorithm for Fire Fighting Robot,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Taipei, 2006.
[8] E. Krasnov and D. Bagaev, “Conceptual analysis of firefighting robots control systems,” Proc. IV International Conference on Problems of Cybernetics and Informatics, Baku, 2012.
How to cite this paper
@article{1722672,
author = {N. Sriram},
title = {Autonomous Fire-Fighting Robotic Vehicle Using Arduino},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {3440-3445},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722672.pdf},
abstract = {Fire incidents in industrial, laboratory and restricted environments can expose firefighters to extreme temperature, toxic gases, explosions and structural hazards. This work presents the design and implementation of a compact autonomous fire-fighting robotic vehicle based on an Arduino Uno controller. The prototype integrates infrared flame sensors, geared DC motors, a motor driver, a servo-controlled water nozzle, a water pump, a lithium-ion battery and a microcontroller-based decision algorithm. The robot continuously monitors the fire-sensor outputs, determines the direction of the detected flame, moves toward the source and activates a water-spraying mechanism. The nozzle is swept by a servo motor to increase the effective coverage of the extinguishing stream. The original prototype dissertation demonstrates the complete hardware, software and control sequence, including forward, backward, left, right and stop functions. The present paper reformulates that work as a research article and identifies the experimental parameters that should be reported for publication-quality validation. The approach is intended as a low-cost platform for initial fire response in controlled indoor environments, rather than as a replacement for certified industrial firefighting equipment.},
keywords = {fire-fighting robot, Arduino Uno, flame sensor, autonomous navigation, water pump, servo motor, fire detection, robotics.},
month = {August},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV10I2-1722672}
}