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1722713 Vol 10 · Issue 2 Download Paper

Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025

Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir Ibrahim Lapiya Batat Peace Yakubu Galadima Akulaga Terfa Ishaya Esther Habu Adamu Gideon Nyomo Egga Verem Damalu Ambore Eunice Ibrahim Augustina Ayiabo Maiya Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk George Josephine Muknaan

Subject area: Physical Sciences and Environment  ·  Area of research: Environment and Remote Sensing

Abstract

Increasing population and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has been changing the local climate, thereby creating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which places urban residents under a heat stress load. This research examined the spatial distribution of LST and its relationship to land use/land cover (LULC) over the city of Bukuru and surrounding areas in North Central Nigeria for the year 2025. The GIS software enabled us to map the spatial distribution of LST across land cover types and identify thermal hotspots in Bukuru and environs. The results show that the highest recorded LST recorded in built-up areas was 45.17°C. The coolest recorded at waterways was up to 22.81°C, and the mean LST was 37.87°C. The minimum NDVI value was -0.61 and the maximum was 0.78, with the mean being 0.27 (and this value is close to the NDVI values of the built-up areas). The results provide a sound basis for integrating green infrastructure and improved housing standards in Bukuru and environs.

Keywords

bukuru, land surface temperature, nigeria, remote sensing, urban

How to cite this paper

Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir , Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Akulaga Terfa; Ishaya Esther Habu, Adamu Gideon Nyomo; Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk; George Josephine Muknaan "Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 2 2026 Page 3530-3538
Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir , Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Akulaga Terfa; Ishaya Esther Habu, Adamu Gideon Nyomo; Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk; George Josephine Muknaan "Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2026
Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir , Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Akulaga Terfa; Ishaya Esther Habu, Adamu Gideon Nyomo; Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk; George Josephine Muknaan (2026). Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(2).
Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir , Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Akulaga Terfa; Ishaya Esther Habu, Adamu Gideon Nyomo; Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk; George Josephine Muknaan "Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2026.
@article{1722713,
      author = {Abdulmalik Sadiqq Abdullahi-Tahir , Ibrahim Lapiya Batat; Peace Yakubu Galadima, Akulaga Terfa; Ishaya Esther Habu, Adamu Gideon Nyomo; Egga Verem Damalu; Ambore Eunice Ibrahim, Augustina Ayiabo Maiya; Dashe Sylvia Tapsuk; George Josephine Muknaan},
      title = {Urban Land Surface Temperature Variations in Bukuru and Environs, North Central, Nigeria: A Remote Sensing Analysis for 2025},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {3530-3538},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722713.pdf},
      abstract = {Increasing population and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa has been changing the local climate, thereby creating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, which places urban residents under a heat stress load. This research examined the spatial distribution of LST and its relationship to land use/land cover (LULC) over the city of Bukuru and surrounding areas in North Central Nigeria for the year 2025. The GIS software enabled us to map the spatial distribution of LST across land cover types and identify thermal hotspots in Bukuru and environs. The results show that the highest recorded LST recorded in built-up areas was 45.17°C. The coolest recorded at waterways was up to 22.81°C, and the mean LST was 37.87°C. The minimum NDVI value was -0.61 and the maximum was 0.78, with the mean being 0.27 (and this value is close to the NDVI values of the built-up areas). The results provide a sound basis for integrating green infrastructure and improved housing standards in Bukuru and environs.},
      keywords = {bukuru, land surface temperature, nigeria, remote sensing, urban},
      month = {August},
  }