Development and Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Pharmaceutical Agents

References

[1] Anastas, P. T., & Warner, J. C. (1998). Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.

[2] Boström, J., Brown, D. G., Young, R. J., & Keseru, G. M. (2018). Expanding the medicinal chemistry synthetic toolbox. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 17, 709–727. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2018.116

[3] Brown, E. D., & Wright, G. D. (2016). Antibacterial drug discovery in the resistance era. Nature, 529(7586), 336–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17042

[4] Claridge, T. D. W. (2016). High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Elsevier.

[5] Eicher, T., Hauptmann, S., & Speicher, A. (2012). The Chemistry of Heterocycles: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis, and Applications (3rd ed.). Wiley-VCH.

[6] Gilroy, D. W., Bishop-Bailey, D., Lawrence, T., Rossi, A. G., & Colville-Nash, P. R. (2004). Inflammatory resolution: New opportunities for drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 3, 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1383

[7] Harvey, A. L., Edrada-Ebel, R., & Quinn, R. J. (2015). The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 14, 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4510

[8] Joule, J. A., & Mills, K. (2010). Heterocyclic Chemistry (5th ed.). Wiley.

[9] Katritzky, A. R., Ramsden, C. A., Scriven, E. F. V., & Taylor, R. J. K. (2010). Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Elsevier.

[10] Kola, I., & Landis, J. (2004). Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 3, 711–715. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1470

[11] Kong, K. F., Schneper, L., & Mathee, K. (2010). Beta-lactam antibiotics: From antibiosis to resistance and bacteriology. APMIS, 118(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02563.x

[12] Lavecchia, A. (2015). Machine-learning approaches in drug discovery: Methods and applications. Drug Discovery Today, 20(3), 318–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.012

[13] Lipinski, C. A., Lombardo, F., Dominy, B. W., & Feeney, P. J. (2001). Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 46(1–3), 3–26.

[14] Lombardino, J. G., & Lowe, J. A. (2004). The role of the medicinal chemist in drug discovery—Then and now. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 3, 853–862. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1523

[15] Mandal, S., Mandal, S. K., & Saha, R. (2019). Heterocyclic compounds as antimicrobial agents: Recent developments and future perspectives. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 162, 436–451.

[16] Mitchell, M. J., Billingsley, M. M., Haley, R. M., Wechsler, M. E., Peppas, N. A., & Langer, R. (2016). Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 20, 101–124.

[17] Murray, A. P., Frontera, M. A., Tomasella, A., & Mulet, M. C. (2013). Natural and synthetic coumarins with biological activities. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 20(11), 1439–1451.

[18] Murray, C. W., Rees, D. C., & Read, J. (2014). Chemical biology approaches to anticancer drug discovery. Nature Reviews Cancer, 14, 739–750.

[19] Patrick, G. L. (2017). An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.

[20] Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S., & Vyvyan, J. R. (2015). Introduction to Spectroscopy (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.

[21] Sheehan, D. J., Hitchcock, C. A., & Sibley, C. M. (1999). Current and emerging azole antifungal agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(1), 40–79. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.12.1.40

[22] Silverstein, R. M., Webster, F. X., Kiemle, D. J., & Bryce, D. L. (2014). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds (8th ed.). Wiley.

[23] Sliwoski, G., Kothiwale, S., Meiler, J., & Lowe, E. W. (2014). Computational methods in drug discovery. Pharmacological Reviews, 66(1), 334–395. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007336

[24] Taylor, R. D., MacCoss, M., & Lawson, A. D. G. (2014). Rings in drugs. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 57(14), 5845–5859. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm401762p

[25] Vitaku, E., Smith, D. T., & Njardarson, J. T. (2014). Analysis of the structural diversity, substitution patterns, and frequency of nitrogen heterocycles among U.S. FDA approved pharmaceuticals. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 57(24), 10257–10274. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm501100b

[26] Wells, T. N. C. (2011). Natural products as starting points for future anti-malarial therapies: Going back to our roots? Malaria Journal, 10, S3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-10-S1-S3

[27] Welsch, M. E., Snyder, S. A., Stockwell, B. R. (2010). Privileged scaffolds for library design and drug discovery. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 14(3), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.02.018

[28] Young, R. J., Green, D. V. J., Luscombe, C. N., & Hill, A. P. (2011). Getting physical in drug discovery: A contemporary perspective on solubility and hydrophobicity. Drug Discovery Today, 16(17–18), 822–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.001

[29] Zhang, W., Cue, B. W., & Green Chemistry Centre. (2012). Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry. Wiley.

@article{1722965,
      author = {Dr. K. S. Lamani},
      title = {Development and Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Pharmaceutical Agents},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2019},
      volume = {2},
      number = {11},
      pages = {728-735},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1722965.pdf},
      abstract = {Since they display diverse molecular structure, novel electron system, and unique reactivity at target binding site, heterocyclic compounds are the most important and versatile class of organic molecules used for therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry because the fundamental core motifs of heterocyclic systems are referred to as "pharmacophore" which plays a major role in the design of different classes of therapeutic drugs like antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurological diseases agents, etc... But since there is rise in resistance of microbials, increase in disease incidents, side effects and limitations by the usage of existing drugs which are low in potency and selectivity with less favorable side effects and poor performance in efficacy and safety, the needs of the new pharmaceutical drug candidates with better biological activity and good performance required immediately. Therefore, this conceptual research article provides an explicit methodological design toward new heterocyclic compounds and design, synthesis, biological and pharmaceutical evaluation strategies of such new molecules using basic knowledge in terms of organic synthesis, molecular modification, SAR analysis, theoretical study and pharmaceutical chemistry, that will ultimately yield high biologically active new molecular structure. This study involves an explicit methodological framework focusing on logical selecting of important biologically important core heterocyclic structures which have nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur atoms at them followed modification in to functional groups and functional molecule followed development in a synthetic route and prediction of relevant physicochemical properties, which enhances good interaction with a specific biologic target for an activity. The conceptual paradigm focuses more on usage of analytical chemistry's advanced characterization techniques in order to describe of molecule such as IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry...; and at the same time uses theoretical study such as molecular docking, ADMET prediction study to study of molecules behavior with specific biologic entity and within body. This investigation tends to build up a relevant platform in selecting potential new heterocyclic derivatives through exploration of best candidates with higher potency, excellent selectivity profile compared to existing drug compounds, higher metabolic stability along with less or no toxicity. This research could be a new steppingstone toward the design and creation of new relevant therapeutic candidates which are innovative based on heterocycles and to advance on field of medicinal organic chemistry by providing great insight into molecular structure and its biological interaction, toward a goal of more innovative drugs and healthier living environment.},
      keywords = {Heterocyclic compounds, Medicinal chemistry, Drug discovery, Organic synthesis, Structure–activity relationship (SAR), Pharmaceutical agents, Bioactive molecules},
      month = {May},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV2I11-1722965}
  }