Transient Stability Enhancement of the Nigerian 330 kV Interconnected Power Network Using High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission: A Modal Analysis and Time-Domain Simulation Study

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@article{1723169,
      author = {Victor Christopher, Isaac. I. Alabi, Bege Haruna},
      title = {Transient Stability Enhancement of the Nigerian 330 kV Interconnected Power Network Using High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission: A Modal Analysis and Time-Domain Simulation Study},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {2573-2584},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723169.pdf},
      abstract = {The Nigerian 330 kV interconnected transmission network has continued to experience recurrent voltage collapse and system-wide blackouts, a large proportion of which are traceable to poorly damped electromechanical oscillations following large disturbances. This paper presents a systematic modal-analysis-guided approach to transient stability enhancement of the network using a voltage-source-converter-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link. A 56-bus representation of the Nigerian 330 kV grid, comprising 15 generator (PV) buses and interconnected by 53 transmission lines, was modelled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment embedded with the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). The Newton–Raphson power-flow method was used to determine the pre-disturbance operating point of the network, while small-signal (modal) analysis, supported by participation-factor computation, was used to identify the critical inter-area oscillatory mode and the transmission corridor along which it propagates – found to be the Ikeja-West–Benin corridor. An HVDC link was embedded at the identified location and its damping contribution was evaluated through time-domain simulation of a three-phase fault, using the modified Euler (predictor–corrector) method to solve the machine swing equations. Four network parameters – generator rotor speed, bus voltage, and active and reactive line power flows – were monitored with and without the HVDC link. The results show consistent improvement in all four parameters: rotor-speed overshoot reduced by up to 44.4% and settling time by up to 52%; active- and reactive-power oscillation overshoot reduced by up to 100% with settling-time improvement of up to 83.3%; and bus-voltage oscillations were almost completely suppressed, with overshoot reductions of up to 98% and settling-time improvements of up to 95%. The findings confirm that strategically located HVDC, sited using eigenvalue/participation-factor screening rather than heuristic placement, offers a technically robust and readily deployable option for damping inter-area oscillations on the Nigerian grid.},
      keywords = {transient stability; HVDC; modal analysis; eigenvalue analysis; participation factor; Newton–Raphson power flow; Nigerian 330 kV grid; inter-area oscillation; time-domain simulation.},
      month = {September},
  }