Compliance Assessment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Filling Stations with Department of Petroleum Resources and Planning Standards in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

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@article{1723354,
      author = {Anthonia Chris Omohimoria, Bala Baaki},
      title = {Compliance Assessment of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Filling Stations with Department of Petroleum Resources and Planning Standards in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {3777-3793},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723354.pdf},
      abstract = {The proliferation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) filling stations in Nigerian urban centres has raised significant concerns regarding compliance with regulatory and planning standards, yet empirical evidence on the extent of compliance in Kaduna Metropolis remains limited. This study assesses the extent to which LPG filling stations in Kaduna Metropolis comply with Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) standards and physical planning standards. Employing a mixed-methods design integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis, field surveys, and stakeholder interviews, data were collected from 28 LPG stations across four Local Government Areas. Buffer analysis, tabulate intersection tools, and descriptive statistics were employed for compliance assessment. The findings reveal significant non-compliance: 43% of stations failed to meet the minimum land size requirement of two plots (100ft x 100ft); 24% did not maintain the mandatory 15-metre road setback; and 19% were located less than 100 metres from another LPG facility. However, adherence was high for setbacks from railways (100%), PHCN power lines (100%), and public buildings (100%). The study concludes that widespread non-compliance indicates a systemic failure in regulatory enforcement, creating a landscape of normalized urban risk. The study recommends a joint DPR-KASUPDA safety audit, a Kaduna-specific LPG siting master plan, and a "Safety-In-Depth" licensing model to address the compliance deficit.},
      keywords = {LPG Filling Stations, DPR Standards, Planning Standards, Compliance Assessment, Kaduna Metropolis, GIS Analysis},
      month = {September},
  }