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Decentralized Privacy-Preserving E-Voting System Using Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Cryptography
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Blockchain
Abstract
Electronic voting can provide convenient participation and faster election management, but a secure digital voting system must address voter authentication, duplicate voting, privacy, vote integrity, and trust in election records. This paper presents a decentralized privacy-preserving e-voting system using blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography with facial recognition for voter verification. The proposed system combines voter registration and login, facial verification, candidate and election management, secure vote casting, duplicate-vote prevention, blockchain-oriented transaction recording, vote counting, and result generation. Facial recognition and liveness verification provide an additional identity-verification layer before a voter accesses the ballot. Blockchain is used to provide a tamper-evident record of voting transactions, while zero-knowledge cryptographic techniques are intended to support verification without unnecessarily revealing sensitive voter information. A web-based prototype demonstrates the integration of these security and privacy mechanisms into a unified voting workflow.
Keywords
E-Voting, Blockchain, Zero-Knowledge Cryptography, Facial Recognition, Voter Verification, Privacy, Duplicate Voting, Secure Voting, Election Management
References
[1] X. Yang, X. Yi, S. Nepal, A. Kelarev, and F. Han, “Blockchain voting: Publicly verifiable online voting protocol without trusted tallying authorities,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 112, pp. 859–874, 2020. ScienceDirect
[2] Y. Li, W. Susilo, G. Yang, Y. Yu, D. Liu, X. Du, and M. Guizani, “A Blockchain-Based Self-Tallying Voting Protocol in Decentralized IoT,” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 119–130, 2022. IEEE
[3] V. Sathya Preiya et al., “Blockchain-Based E-Voting System with Face Recognition,” 2023. Fusion: Practice and Applications
[4] H. Mittal and N. Sengar, “A Blockchain and Face Recognition Based E-Voting System,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, vol. 13, no. 4, 2025. IJRASET
[5] S. Paudel, A. Poudel, and S. Paudel, “Enhancing Electoral Integrity and Accessibility: A Blockchain and Facial Recognition-Based Electronic Voting System,” Information Dynamics and Applications, vol. 4, no. 2, 2025. Information Dynamics and Applications
[6] InsightFace, “InsightFace: 2D and 3D Face Analysis Project,” project documentation. InsightFace
[7] Ethereum Foundation, “Ethereum Documentation,” developer documentation. Ethereum
[8] Circom and snarkJS documentation, zero-knowledge circuit construction and proof-generation resources. Circom
How to cite this paper
@article{1723487,
author = {Sariya Anjum, Dharini N, Dhruthi HR, Dhushyanth Dayanand, Manu MN},
title = {Decentralized Privacy-Preserving E-Voting System Using Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Cryptography},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {3357-3364},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723487.pdf},
abstract = {Electronic voting can provide convenient participation and faster election management, but a secure digital voting system must address voter authentication, duplicate voting, privacy, vote integrity, and trust in election records. This paper presents a decentralized privacy-preserving e-voting system using blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography with facial recognition for voter verification. The proposed system combines voter registration and login, facial verification, candidate and election management, secure vote casting, duplicate-vote prevention, blockchain-oriented transaction recording, vote counting, and result generation. Facial recognition and liveness verification provide an additional identity-verification layer before a voter accesses the ballot. Blockchain is used to provide a tamper-evident record of voting transactions, while zero-knowledge cryptographic techniques are intended to support verification without unnecessarily revealing sensitive voter information. A web-based prototype demonstrates the integration of these security and privacy mechanisms into a unified voting workflow.},
keywords = {E-Voting, Blockchain, Zero-Knowledge Cryptography, Facial Recognition, Voter Verification, Privacy, Duplicate Voting, Secure Voting, Election Management},
month = {September},
}