Waste Management and Scrap Reduction in Production Systems

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@article{1723616,
      author = {S Harshith Gowda, Prof. Nihar Patnaik},
      title = {Waste Management and Scrap Reduction in Production Systems},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {3870-3888},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723616.pdf},
      abstract = {Lean manufacturing is widely held to reduce scrap and material waste in production systems, yet much of the supporting evidence rests on perceptual survey data gathered from single respondents. This study tests the relationship between six lean practices and perceived scrap reduction using primary data collected from 202 respondents with current or prior manufacturing experience, drawn from an academic and professional network in southern India. Six independent constructs covering workplace standardisation, total productive maintenance, error-proofing, process visibility, continuous improvement and supplier quality were measured on five-point Likert scales, together with a four-item scrap reduction outcome measure. Reliability analysis returned Cronbach's alpha values between minus 0.232 and 0.286 across all seven constructs, none reaching the 0.70 threshold. Multiple linear regression produced an R-squared of 0.015 with an adjusted R-squared of minus 0.016, and the model was not significant, F(6, 195) = 0.478, p = 0.824. No individual practice reached significance. The null hypothesis could not be rejected. The paper argues that this outcome reflects measurement failure rather than an absence of effect in the underlying system, and it uses the result to examine the conditions under which perception-based lean instruments break down.},
      keywords = {Lean manufacturing; scrap reduction; construct reliability; perceptual measurement; null results},
      month = {September},
  }