Biosorption of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Citric Acid-Modified and Unmodified Azadirachta Indica Leaf Biomass : Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies

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@article{1723706,
      author = {Kehinde Abiola Arasi, Sunday Olawale Okeniyi, Oyedoyin Oluwaseun Oyediran, Christianah Boluwaji Alawode, Olaoye Oluwafemi Oyediran},
      title = {Biosorption of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Citric Acid-Modified and Unmodified Azadirachta Indica Leaf Biomass : Equilibrium And Kinetic Studies},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {1298-1308},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723706.pdf},
      abstract = {Emerging heavy metal contamination has caused prominent danger to eco system and health status of human at large. This study researched on the adsorptive efficiency of unmodified (UNLP) and modified citric acid (CLNP) Azadirachta indica Neem leaves cost effective and affordable adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. The organic components of the biosorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate morphology, surface functional group and adsorption capacity. Batch experiments investigated the effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time and initial cadmium concentration, while equilibrium data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and kinetic data using pseudo-first-order, and second-order models. An adsorbent dosage of 0.2 g was selected for subsequent experiments. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH of 8 with an equilibrium time of 80 minutes while the optimum contact time for both biosorbents was 180 min. Adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial cadmium concentration, although percentage removal decreased at higher concentrations. The Langmuir model provided the higher coefficient of determination for both biosorbents (R² = 0.6198 for UNLP and 0.5830 for CNLP), with favorable separation factors (RL = 0.012 and 0.146, respectively). Pseudo-second-order kinetics gave excellent fits (R² = 1.0000 for UNLP and 0.9999 for CNLP). FTIR spectra indicated hydroxyl, carbonyl and C–O-containing functional groups and changes following citric acid treatment. Notably, the reported Langmuir maximum capacity was higher for UNLP (6.382 mg/g) than CNLP (1.119 mg/g), indicating that citric acid modification altered the surface chemistry but did not improve the measured equilibrium capacity under the conditions investigated. The research findings shows that unmodified (UNLP) is a better adsorbent for the removal Cd2+from aqueous solution than modified citric acid (CLNP)},
      keywords = {Azadirachta indica; contamination; biosorption; wastewater management; heavy metals},
      month = {October},
  }