Local Breakout Architecture for 5G International Roaming

References

[1] 3GPP, “System Architecture for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.501, Release 16, 2020.

[2] 3GPP, “Procedures for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.502, Release 16, 2020.

[3] 3GPP, “Security Architecture and Procedures for 5G System,” 3GPP TS 33.501, Release 16, 2020.

[4] GSMA, “5GS Roaming Guidelines,” Official Document NG.113, Version 2.0, 2020.

[5] GSMA, “Steering of Roaming Implementation Guidelines,” Official Document IR.73, Version 10.0, 2020.

[6] 3GPP, “Technical Realization of Service Based Architecture; Stage 3,” 3GPP TS 29.500, Release 16, 2020.

[7] 3GPP, “5G System; Interworking between 5GS and EPC,” 3GPP TS 23.502, Release 16, 2021.

[8] A. K. Bashir, S. Khan, F. Prabhu, and others, “On Threats to the 5G Service Based Architecture,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 119, 2021.

[9] Juniper Research, “The 5G Roaming Landscape,” Telecoms & Connectivity Research, 2021.

[10] 3GPP, “Policy and Charging Control Framework for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.503, Release 17, 2022.

[11] 3GPP, “5G System; System Architecture for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.501, Release 17, 2022.

[12] GSMA, “5G Mobile Roaming Revisited (5GMRR), Phase 1,” Official Document NG.132, Version 5.0, 2022.

[13] 3GPP, “Telecommunication Management; Charging Architecture and Principles,” 3GPP TS 32.240, Release 17, 2022.

[14] 3GPP, “5G Data Connectivity Domain Charging,” 3GPP TS 32.255, Release 17, 2022.

[15] 3GPP, “5G System; Steering of Roaming Application Function Services,” 3GPP TS 29.550, Release 17, 2022.

[16] 3GPP, “System Architecture for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.501, Release 17, Version 17.11.0, 2024.

[17] 3GPP, “System Architecture for the 5G System (5GS),” 3GPP TS 23.501, Release 18, Version 18.5.0, 2024.

[18] K. Cherladine, “Navigating Security and Privacy: Best Practices in MVNO Networks,” 2024/06, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1–4, 2024.

[19] 3GPP, “5G Data Connectivity Domain Charging,” 3GPP TS 32.255, Release 18, Version 18.4.0, 2024.

[20] V. Vomhoff, H. D. Jang, M. Varvello, S. Geißler, Y. Zaki, T. Hoßfeld, and A. Lutu, “Challenges and Opportunities for Global Cellular Connectivity,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.19706, 2024.

@article{1723795,
      author = {Karthick Cherladine},
      title = {Local Breakout Architecture for 5G International Roaming},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2024},
      volume = {7},
      number = {11},
      pages = {984-990},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723795.pdf},
      abstract = {The rapid deployment of 5G networks has increased the demand for efficient and low-latency international roaming services. Traditional home-routed roaming architectures may introduce additional latency and transport overhead because user-plane traffic is routed through the Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN). This paper proposes a Local Breakout (LBO) Architecture for 5G International Roaming in which roaming user-plane traffic is locally processed through the Visited Public Land Mobile Network (VPLMN). The proposed architecture utilizes 5G core network functions, including the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Policy Control Function (PCF), and Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), to establish secure and efficient roaming connectivity. In the LBO approach, traffic can be routed from the visited network toward the appropriate data network without unnecessarily traversing the home network. The proposed architecture is evaluated using latency, throughput, packet loss, signaling overhead, resource utilization, and QoS. The approach aims to reduce communication delay, improve data-path efficiency, enhance QoS, and provide scalable international roaming services for 5G subscribers. The architecture can support diverse 5G applications requiring reliable and low-latency connectivity.},
      keywords = {5G, International Roaming, Local Breakout, LBO, HPLMN, VPLMN, 5G Core, UPF, SMF, QoS, User Plane, Network Architecture.},
      month = {May},
  }