Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Mimosa pudica L. Leaves

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@article{1723899,
      author = {Reeta Yadav, Dr. Sangeeta Singh},
      title = {Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Characterization of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from Mimosa pudica L. Leaves},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {1465-1490},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723899.pdf},
      abstract = {Chronic, non-resolving inflammation is now recognised as the shared pathophysiological substrate of most major non-communicable diseases, yet the long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids and biologic agents remains constrained by gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and economic liabilities. Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae), the "sensitive plant", carries an unusually consistent cross-cultural record of use for inflammatory and rheumatic complaints in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, Traditional Chinese and Latin American systems of medicine. The present study applied a complete bioassay-guided fractionation cycle to identify and pharmacologically characterise the principal anti-inflammatory constituent of M. pudica leaves. Authenticated, shade-dried leaf material (voucher MP-WG-2024–17) was standardised against Indian Pharmacopoeia specifications and subjected to sequential Soxhlet extraction with six solvents of ascending polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water), giving yields of 2.84–18.45 % w/w. Triage of the six fractions by DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging and by hypotonic-solution-induced human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilisation identified the ethyl acetate fraction as the most active (DPPH IC50 = 21.4 ± 1.3 µg/mL; HRBC stabilisation 71.6 ± 3.4 % at 200 µg/mL). Silica-gel column chromatography of this fraction with in vivo screening of the pooled sub-fractions, followed by Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration and preparative thin-layer chromatography, delivered 142 mg of a yellow crystalline solid designated MP-C1 (HPLC-DAD purity 98.7 %). Integrated UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry unambiguously identified MP-C1 as quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone; C15H10O7; MW 302.24 g/mol). Acute oral toxicity testing under OECD Test Guideline 423 showed no mortality at the 2000 mg/kg limit dose (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg). In carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, quercetin at 100 mg/kg p.o. produced 63.0 ± 1.6 % inhibition at the four-hour peak, statistically indistinguishable from diclofenac sodium at 10 mg/kg (67.8 ± 1.4 %; p > 0.05), with an ED50 of approximately 60 mg/kg. In the seven-day cotton-pellet granuloma model, quercetin at 100 mg/kg inhibited granuloma formation by 42.5 ± 1.9 %, exceeding diclofenac (35.4 ± 1.7 %). Quercetin lowered serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP by 46–50 % and restored tissue malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase substantially closer to normal than did diclofenac (mean residual redox deficit 11 % versus 23 %). Histopathology confirmed tissue protection with no hepatic or renal injury. The resulting therapeutic index above 30 identifies M. pudica leaf-derived quercetin as a multi-target, multi-mechanism anti-inflammatory bioactive warranting formulation-directed translational development.},
      keywords = {Mimosa pudica; quercetin; bioassay-guided fractionation; anti-inflammatory activity; carrageenan paw oedema; cotton-pellet granuloma; TNF-α; oxidative stress; NF-κB; phytopharmacology},
      month = {October},
  }