Design and Experimental Characterization of a Solar-Powered Multi-Sensor Instrumentation System for Smart Dumpster Monitoring and GPS Tracking

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@article{1723922,
      author = {Abdul-wasiu Alani Olowosebioba, Fatai Sunday Akingbade, Isaiah Olaoluwapo Andrew},
      title = {Design and Experimental Characterization of a Solar-Powered Multi-Sensor Instrumentation System for Smart Dumpster Monitoring and GPS Tracking},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {1991-2012},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723922.pdf},
      abstract = {This study presents the design and experimental characterization of a solar-powered multi-sensor instrumentation system for smart waste monitoring and GPS tracking. The developed system integrates an ultrasonic sensor for waste-level measurement, a GPS module for location tracking, a GSM communication unit for remote notification, and a photovoltaic power subsystem for autonomous operation. An Arduino-based controller was employed for data acquisition, processing, and communication. Experimental evaluation was conducted to determine the performance of the sensing, communication, positioning, and power-management subsystems. Results showed a waste-level measurement accuracy of 99.1% with an average sensor error of 0.28 cm, demonstrating high reliability for real-time monitoring applications. The GPS subsystem achieved an average positioning accuracy of 3.3 m, enabling effective location identification and tracking of the waste bin. The solar-energy subsystem delivered a maximum output power of 40 W, while the battery backup system sustained continuous operation for approximately 15.6 h under test conditions. The servo-actuated lid mechanism exhibited an average response time of 0.81 s, ensuring prompt system operation. Furthermore, the GSM communication module achieved a 100% message transmission success rate during the experimental trials. The results demonstrate that the prototype instrumentation system provides reliable sensing, communication, and energy autonomy for intelligent waste-management applications. The integration of renewable energy, multi-sensor monitoring, and wireless communication offers a practical and sustainable solution for smart-city dumpster-monitoring infrastructure.},
      keywords = {GPS tracking; GSM communication; Internet of Things (IoT); smart waste bin; ultrasonic sensor},
      month = {October},
  }