Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Zygophyllum coccineum and Heliotropium indicum Against Carrageenan-Induced Paw Oedema and Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma in Wistar Rats

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@article{1724053,
      author = {Soumya Hoshing, Prashant Kumar Singh, Vivek Kumar Seth, Vaibhav Kumar Singh},
      title = {Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Zygophyllum coccineum and Heliotropium indicum Against Carrageenan-Induced Paw Oedema and Cotton Pellet-Induced Granuloma in Wistar Rats},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {2552-2561},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724053.pdf},
      abstract = {Inflammation underlies the pathophysiology of numerous chronic non-communicable diseases, and plant-derived agents acting through complementary phytochemical mechanisms remain an active area of anti-inflammatory drug discovery. This study comparatively evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic leaf extracts of Zygophyllum coccineum (Zygophyllaceae) and Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) against carrageenan-induced acute paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced chronic granuloma in Wistar rats, benchmarked against diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg). Soxhlet extraction yielded 12.40% w/w (Z. coccineum) and 10.80% w/w (H. indicum); phytochemical screening identified a flavonoid-saponin-triterpenoid-rich profile in Z. coccineum and an alkaloid-flavonoid-rich profile in H. indicum. Both extracts were non-toxic at the OECD 423 limit dose of 2000 mg/kg, supporting selection of 200 and 400 mg/kg (Z. coccineum) and 400 mg/kg (H. indicum) for the main study. In the carrageenan model, Z. coccineum (400 mg/kg) produced 57.32% inhibition of paw oedema at 3 h, Z. coccineum (200 mg/kg) 39.02%, and H. indicum (400 mg/kg) 50.00%, against 71.95% for diclofenac. In the cotton pellet model, the corresponding inhibitions were 37.80%, 24.39% and 31.71%, against 53.66% for diclofenac. Both extracts showed dose-dependent, statistically significant activity (p < 0.05-0.001) across models, with Z. coccineum consistently more potent than H. indicum, and both extracts retaining a greater proportion of their acute activity into the chronic phase than diclofenac, consistent with a multi-target mechanism of action.},
      keywords = {Zygophyllum coccineum; Heliotropium indicum; anti-inflammatory activity; carrageenan-induced paw oedema; cotton pellet granuloma; diclofenac sodium; phytochemical screening; Wistar rats},
      month = {October},
  }