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Maintaining Essential Energy Supplies during Pandemic Disruptions: A Procurement Resilience Framework
Subject area: Management and Commerce · Area of research: Energy Procurement Resilience in Pandemics
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of the procurement and logistics systems that keep electricity, liquid fuels and gas flowing to hospitals, water utilities, emergency services and households. Unlike earlier supply shocks, the 2020 disruption combined a collapse in aggregate energy demand with localised spikes in critical demand, labour shortages at ports, depots and terminals, border controls that slowed crew changes and cargo clearance, and sharp price volatility that strained supplier finances. The result was a continuity gap: energy remained abundant at the global level while essential users faced delayed or interrupted deliveries at the local level. Conventional energy procurement, optimised for cost efficiency and for discrete, short-lived events, was not designed to close this gap. This conceptual paper develops a Procurement Resilience Framework (PRF) for maintaining essential energy supplies under pandemic conditions. Using a theory synthesis design, prior research published up to 2020 was thematically coded for disruption mechanisms, capabilities, enabling conditions and outcomes, and the resulting categories were organised into a conceptual model. The framework places a governance layer, which defines emergency procurement authority, an essential-user hierarchy and risk appetite, above four operational pillars. Emergency sourcing secures alternative supply through pre-qualified suppliers, framework agreements and volume-flexible contracts. Port delay mitigation keeps cargo moving through berth priority, alternate discharge options, pandemic-specific contract clauses and digital clearance. Inventory staging buys time through tiered and forward-positioned buffer stocks, storage capacity options and quality management. Fuel distribution continuity protects the last mile through priority allocation rules, reserve driver and depot capacity, alternate routing and safe delivery practices. Four cross-cutting enablers, namely end-to-end visibility, contractual flexibility, workforce protection and public-private coordination, support all pillars, and a learning loop allows arrangements to be revised as the disruption evolves. The paper advances eight testable propositions that link these capabilities to supply continuity, measured through availability, timeliness, cost containment and safety at essential-user sites. The propositions specify direct effects of governance, sourcing, port and inventory capabilities, a mediating role for distribution capabilities, moderating roles for visibility and coordination, diminishing returns to inventory, and improvement through learning across successive waves. A four-phase roadmap of preparation, response, recovery and adaptation translates the model into procurement actions. The framework offers utilities, national oil companies, fuel distributors, hospitals and public agencies a structured basis for designing and auditing pandemic-ready energy supply arrangements, and it highlights policy priorities such as recognising energy logistics workers as essential personnel. The model has not yet been tested empirically and is oriented mainly toward seaborne fuel and gas supply; it therefore sets out an agenda for case-based, survey and simulation research to validate and extend it.
Keywords
procurement resilience; energy security; COVID-19; emergency sourcing; port congestion; strategic inventory; fuel distribution; business continuity
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How to cite this paper
@article{1724087,
author = {Damilola Grace Babayemi, Eromosele Asibor, Chineme Okonkwo},
title = {Maintaining Essential Energy Supplies during Pandemic Disruptions: A Procurement Resilience Framework},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2020},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {466-498},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724087.pdf},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of the procurement and logistics systems that keep electricity, liquid fuels and gas flowing to hospitals, water utilities, emergency services and households. Unlike earlier supply shocks, the 2020 disruption combined a collapse in aggregate energy demand with localised spikes in critical demand, labour shortages at ports, depots and terminals, border controls that slowed crew changes and cargo clearance, and sharp price volatility that strained supplier finances. The result was a continuity gap: energy remained abundant at the global level while essential users faced delayed or interrupted deliveries at the local level. Conventional energy procurement, optimised for cost efficiency and for discrete, short-lived events, was not designed to close this gap. This conceptual paper develops a Procurement Resilience Framework (PRF) for maintaining essential energy supplies under pandemic conditions. Using a theory synthesis design, prior research published up to 2020 was thematically coded for disruption mechanisms, capabilities, enabling conditions and outcomes, and the resulting categories were organised into a conceptual model. The framework places a governance layer, which defines emergency procurement authority, an essential-user hierarchy and risk appetite, above four operational pillars. Emergency sourcing secures alternative supply through pre-qualified suppliers, framework agreements and volume-flexible contracts. Port delay mitigation keeps cargo moving through berth priority, alternate discharge options, pandemic-specific contract clauses and digital clearance. Inventory staging buys time through tiered and forward-positioned buffer stocks, storage capacity options and quality management. Fuel distribution continuity protects the last mile through priority allocation rules, reserve driver and depot capacity, alternate routing and safe delivery practices. Four cross-cutting enablers, namely end-to-end visibility, contractual flexibility, workforce protection and public-private coordination, support all pillars, and a learning loop allows arrangements to be revised as the disruption evolves. The paper advances eight testable propositions that link these capabilities to supply continuity, measured through availability, timeliness, cost containment and safety at essential-user sites. The propositions specify direct effects of governance, sourcing, port and inventory capabilities, a mediating role for distribution capabilities, moderating roles for visibility and coordination, diminishing returns to inventory, and improvement through learning across successive waves. A four-phase roadmap of preparation, response, recovery and adaptation translates the model into procurement actions. The framework offers utilities, national oil companies, fuel distributors, hospitals and public agencies a structured basis for designing and auditing pandemic-ready energy supply arrangements, and it highlights policy priorities such as recognising energy logistics workers as essential personnel. The model has not yet been tested empirically and is oriented mainly toward seaborne fuel and gas supply; it therefore sets out an agenda for case-based, survey and simulation research to validate and extend it.},
keywords = {procurement resilience; energy security; COVID-19; emergency sourcing; port congestion; strategic inventory; fuel distribution; business continuity},
month = {October},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV4I4-1724087}
}