Pricing European Options under Logistic Stock-Price Dynamics with a Continuous Dividend Yield

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@article{1724119,
      author = {Andanje Mulambula},
      title = {Pricing European Options under Logistic Stock-Price Dynamics with a Continuous Dividend Yield},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {2707-2720},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724119.pdf},
      abstract = {Logistic stock-price dynamics have been proposed as a way of representing assets whose growth is bounded by competition, saturation or finite market capacity, but the derivations available in the literature retain a logistic drift while invoking a delta-hedging argument that removes it. This paper resolves that inconsistency and extends the framework to dividend-paying assets. It is first shown that, for a traded asset, no-arbitrage forces the logistic term out of the pricing equation; the logistic model is therefore developed as an incomplete-market model in which a state-dependent market price of risk fixes the pricing measure, and the pricing partial differential equation is obtained from the Feynman–Kac representation rather than from hedging. The resulting equation carries a continuous dividend yield and reduces to the Black–Scholes–Merton equation as the carrying capacity grows without bound. A closed-form solution of the price process is derived through the reciprocal transformation, which linearises the stochastic logistic equation and expresses the price as a geometric Brownian motion divided by an exponential functional. Prices are computed by a Crank–Nicolson scheme with Rannacher start-up; second-order convergence is demonstrated and the scheme is cross-validated against Monte Carlo simulation of the closed-form representation. Sensitivity analyses quantify the effect of carrying capacity, dividend yield and volatility, and a forward-price diagnostic measures the departure from put–call parity, for which a first-order analytic expression is derived and verified numerically.},
      keywords = {carrying capacity; Crank–Nicolson scheme; dividend yield; European options; Feynman–Kac representation; incomplete markets; logistic diffusion},
      month = {October},
  }