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Sustainable Waste Management and Circular Economy Practices: A Community-Based Study of Awareness, Behaviour, and Infrastructure Among Local Businesses
Subject area: Management and Commerce · Area of research: Sustainable Waste Management & Circular Economy
Abstract
Whilst urban waste is considered as an environmental issue, it is also a behavioural, infrastructural, economic and institutional problem. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of sustainable waste-management practices of local commercial waste producers and to look at how everyday waste practices relate to the principles of the circular economy. The study was a community-engagement project with direct contact with small and medium sized business, comprising roadside food stalls, restaurants, grocery stores, medical stores, stationery stores and bakeries. The fieldwork involved structured answer to questions, observation, community interaction, awareness activities and reflection. A relationship between awareness and action is explored with particular focus. The current project evidence shows that plastic and packaging waste are major waste flows and that source segregation is poorly implemented. Community assessment from earlier found that of 22 respondents that reported plastic waste generation, only one respondent reported that waste was always segregated, 15 respondents said recycling was important to take action individually, seven of the respondents were aware of sustainable waste-management practices, and 14 respondents were willing to change their waste-disposal practices. The findings indicate that there can be a situation where people are willing but not aware of the problem and the situation is not a good situation to be in. Sustainable behaviour is thus considered to be the result of an interaction between knowledge, convenience, infrastructure, habits, perceived effort, institutional support and opportunities for material recovery. The paper suggests the interpretation of this gap under an Awareness–Action–Infrastructure framework. The study does not simply believe that information is enough – community interventions need to include not only information but also facilities which are easy to use, simple behavioural prompts, source-segregation systems, convenient collection, and coordination between businesses, citizens, municipal authorities, waste workers, recyclers and producers, as well as the provision of facilities for reusing waste. The paper also contextualizes local insights and research in an ever-changing policy landscape in India, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban 2.0, plastic waste management and Extended Producer Responsibility, and the activities of the Circular Economy Cell at NITI Aayog. The community survey is still undergoing refinement and the paper contains clearly marked-editable fields for the final result counts, percentages, cross-tabulations and figures. The verified results already obtained from the community project are kept and whenever the final response spreadsheet needs the statistic, it is indicated for later insertion. This way, there aren't any statistics made up and the paper stays academically coherent as the final survey analysis is added in.
Keywords
sustainable waste management; circular economy; source segregation; plastic waste; recycling; reuse; community engagement; behavioural change; local businesses; India
References
[1] Ajzen I (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
[2] Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2024). Standard operating procedure for assessment & characterization of plastic waste. Government of India.
[3] Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2025). Extended producer responsibility: Guidelines and electronic trading/settlement framework. Government of India.
[4] Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2019). Completing the picture: How the circular economy tackles climate change.
[5] Geissdoerfer M, Savaget P, Bocken NMP, Hultink EJ (2017). The circular economy – A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
[6] Kirchherr J, Reike D, Hekkert M (2017). Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005
[7] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India (2021). Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban 2.0.
[8] NITI Aayog (2022–2026). Circular Economy Cell and circular economy action plans. Government of India.
[9] NITI Aayog (2026). Advancing circular economy of waste electronic and electrical equipment (e-waste) and lithium-ion batteries in India.
How to cite this paper
@article{1724382,
author = {Lakshya Garg, Aditya Agarwal, Adit Mishra, Advait Rastogi, Sarthak Tyagi},
title = {Sustainable Waste Management and Circular Economy Practices: A Community-Based Study of Awareness, Behaviour, and Infrastructure Among Local Businesses},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {4053-4078},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724382.pdf},
abstract = {Whilst urban waste is considered as an environmental issue, it is also a behavioural, infrastructural, economic and institutional problem. This study aims to analyse the characteristics of sustainable waste-management practices of local commercial waste producers and to look at how everyday waste practices relate to the principles of the circular economy. The study was a community-engagement project with direct contact with small and medium sized business, comprising roadside food stalls, restaurants, grocery stores, medical stores, stationery stores and bakeries. The fieldwork involved structured answer to questions, observation, community interaction, awareness activities and reflection.
A relationship between awareness and action is explored with particular focus. The current project evidence shows that plastic and packaging waste are major waste flows and that source segregation is poorly implemented. Community assessment from earlier found that of 22 respondents that reported plastic waste generation, only one respondent reported that waste was always segregated, 15 respondents said recycling was important to take action individually, seven of the respondents were aware of sustainable waste-management practices, and 14 respondents were willing to change their waste-disposal practices. The findings indicate that there can be a situation where people are willing but not aware of the problem and the situation is not a good situation to be in. Sustainable behaviour is thus considered to be the result of an interaction between knowledge, convenience, infrastructure, habits, perceived effort, institutional support and opportunities for material recovery.
The paper suggests the interpretation of this gap under an Awareness–Action–Infrastructure framework. The study does not simply believe that information is enough – community interventions need to include not only information but also facilities which are easy to use, simple behavioural prompts, source-segregation systems, convenient collection, and coordination between businesses, citizens, municipal authorities, waste workers, recyclers and producers, as well as the provision of facilities for reusing waste. The paper also contextualizes local insights and research in an ever-changing policy landscape in India, such as the Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban 2.0, plastic waste management and Extended Producer Responsibility, and the activities of the Circular Economy Cell at NITI Aayog.
The community survey is still undergoing refinement and the paper contains clearly marked-editable fields for the final result counts, percentages, cross-tabulations and figures. The verified results already obtained from the community project are kept and whenever the final response spreadsheet needs the statistic, it is indicated for later insertion. This way, there aren't any statistics made up and the paper stays academically coherent as the final survey analysis is added in.},
keywords = {sustainable waste management; circular economy; source segregation; plastic waste; recycling; reuse; community engagement; behavioural change; local businesses; India},
month = {October},
}