Exposure–Response Relationships Between Petroleum-Related Contaminants, Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification and Oxidative DNA Damage in Clarias Gariepinus from Selected Aquatic Ecosystems in The Niger Delta, Nigeria

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@article{1724613,
      author = {Nafisat Omobolanle Ogunremi},
      title = {Exposure–Response Relationships Between Petroleum-Related Contaminants, Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification and Oxidative DNA Damage in Clarias Gariepinus from Selected Aquatic Ecosystems in The Niger Delta, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2023},
      volume = {6},
      number = {7},
      pages = {618-629},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724613.pdf},
      abstract = {Background: Petroleum-related industrial activities introduce complex mixtures of hydrocarbons and heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems, potentially compromising fish health through oxidative stress and genotoxic damage. Integrating chemical exposure indicators with biochemical and molecular biomarkers provides a comprehensive approach to assessing aquatic environmental stress.

Objective: This study examined the relationships between petroleum-related contaminants, hepatic detoxification, oxidative stress and DNA damage in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) across selected aquatic locations in Delta State, Nigeria.

Methods: A comparative dataset comprising 96 fish observations, equally distributed across four locations and two seasons, was analysed alongside 24 environmental sample units. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in relation to glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and comet-assay DNA damage. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, HC3-robust multiple regression and cluster-aware mixed-effects modelling.

Results: Significant spatial differences were observed in all environmental and fish-tissue contaminants (p < .001). Location significantly influenced GST, SOD, CAT, MDA and DNA damage, while seasonal effects were significant for GST, GSH, MDA and DNA damage. Tissue Pb exhibited the strongest correlation with DNA damage (r = .776, p < .001). The regression model explained 69.4% of DNA-damage variability (adjusted R² = .669), with Pb (β = 8.91, p < .001) and Cd (β = 31.77, p = .005) emerging as significant positive predictors. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant in the cluster-aware sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion: The findings revealed pronounced spatial differences in contaminant burdens and associated biochemical and genotoxic responses. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of adjusted associations to station-season clustering highlighted the importance of accounting for shared environmental conditions when interpreting exposure–response relationships.},
      keywords = {aquatic biomonitoring, Clarias gariepinus, DNA damage, glutathione S-transferase, heavy metals, oxidative stress, petroleum hydrocarbons},
      month = {January},
  }