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Impact of Complex Training and High-Intensity Interval Training on Balance among bachelor's degree Students
Subject area: Biological & Medical Sciences · Area of research: Sports Science
Abstract
Background: Balance, the ability to keep the centre of mass over the base of support, underlies safe landing, quick changes of direction and injury prevention in field and court sports. Complex training (CT), which couples heavy resistance exercises with biomechanically similar plyometric work, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which alternates short maximal efforts with recovery, are popular methods of physical preparation, but their influence on balance in young adults has received little direct comparison. Objective: To compare the effects of a 12-week complex training programme and a 12-week HIIT programme on balance, measured by the stork balance test, among male handball-playing bachelor degree students. Methods: Ninety male students (18–21 years) from bachelor's degree colleges in Hyderabad were randomly assigned to a Complex Training Group (CTG, n = 30), a High-Intensity Interval Training Group (HIITG, n = 30) or a Control Group (CG, n = 30). The experimental groups trained three sessions per week for twelve weeks at progressively increasing intensity (75%, 80% and 85%); the control group continued its normal routine. Balance time (seconds) was recorded before and after the intervention. Paired t-tests examined within-group change, one-way ANOVA examined baseline equivalence and between-group differences in change scores, and Bonferroni-adjusted Welch t-tests were used for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: The groups were equivalent at baseline (F = 0.098, p = 0.907). Balance time increased by 6.653 s (26.01%) in CTG, 5.810 s (22.95%) in HIITG and 0.647 s (2.57%) in CG. The groups differed significantly in change (F(2, 87) = 35553.41, p < 0.001, η² = 0.999). Both training groups improved more than the control group, and CTG improved more than HIITG (mean difference 0.843 s, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both complex training and HIIT improved stork-balance performance of undergraduate handball players, and complex training produced the greater gain. Including single-leg and landing-oriented plyometric work within strength-based complexes appears to be a practical way to develop balance alongside power.
Keywords
balance, complex training, handball, high-intensity interval training, postural control, stork balance test, undergraduate students
References
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How to cite this paper
@article{1724737,
author = {Cetakor Sravani, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Yadav, Dr. Sudhakara Babu Mande},
title = {Impact of Complex Training and High-Intensity Interval Training on Balance among bachelor's degree Students},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2025},
volume = {8},
number = {10},
pages = {1967-1971},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724737.pdf},
abstract = {Background: Balance, the ability to keep the centre of mass over the base of support, underlies safe landing, quick changes of direction and injury prevention in field and court sports. Complex training (CT), which couples heavy resistance exercises with biomechanically similar plyometric work, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which alternates short maximal efforts with recovery, are popular methods of physical preparation, but their influence on balance in young adults has received little direct comparison. Objective: To compare the effects of a 12-week complex training programme and a 12-week HIIT programme on balance, measured by the stork balance test, among male handball-playing bachelor degree students. Methods: Ninety male students (18–21 years) from bachelor's degree colleges in Hyderabad were randomly assigned to a Complex Training Group (CTG, n = 30), a High-Intensity Interval Training Group (HIITG, n = 30) or a Control Group (CG, n = 30). The experimental groups trained three sessions per week for twelve weeks at progressively increasing intensity (75%, 80% and 85%); the control group continued its normal routine. Balance time (seconds) was recorded before and after the intervention. Paired t-tests examined within-group change, one-way ANOVA examined baseline equivalence and between-group differences in change scores, and Bonferroni-adjusted Welch t-tests were used for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: The groups were equivalent at baseline (F = 0.098, p = 0.907). Balance time increased by 6.653 s (26.01%) in CTG, 5.810 s (22.95%) in HIITG and 0.647 s (2.57%) in CG. The groups differed significantly in change (F(2, 87) = 35553.41, p < 0.001, η² = 0.999). Both training groups improved more than the control group, and CTG improved more than HIITG (mean difference 0.843 s, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Both complex training and HIIT improved stork-balance performance of undergraduate handball players, and complex training produced the greater gain. Including single-leg and landing-oriented plyometric work within strength-based complexes appears to be a practical way to develop balance alongside power.},
keywords = {balance, complex training, handball, high-intensity interval training, postural control, stork balance test, undergraduate students},
month = {April},
}