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Assessment of Surface Water Quality Along Rumuodogo / Osogu Market Creek of Sombrero River, Rivers State, South-South Nigeria
Subject area: Physical Sciences and Environment · Area of research: Water Pollution
Abstract
Surface water bodies play an important role in sustaining aquatic ecosystems and supporting the domestic and economic activities of communities. However, increasing human activities around rivers and creeks can introduce pollutants that compromise water quality and threaten aquatic life and public health. This study assessed the physicochemical (pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, TDS and TSS) and selected metal (Pb, Cd, Mg and Mn) concentrations of surface water along Rumuodogo/Osogu Market Creek, a tributary of the Sombrero River in Rivers State, Nigeria. Water samples for quasi-experiment were collected from three sampling points, designated SP1, SP2, and SP3, to examine spatial variations in selected water quality parameters. The results showed that the water was acidic across all three sampling points, with pH values ranging from 4.98 to 5.53. EC ranged from 683 to 708 µS/cm, while DO ranged from 6.83 to 7.68 mg/L. BOD values varied between 1.43 and 1.60 mg/L, whereas COD ranged from 5.25 to 8.40 mg/L. TDS concentrations ranged from 342 to 354 mg/L, while TSS varied between 9 and 12 mg/L. Turbidity ranged from 19 to 22 NTU. The metal results also revealed spatial variations. Pb concentrations ranged from 0.1573 to 1.2100 mg/L, with the highest concentration recorded at SP1. Cd increased progressively across the sampling points, from 0.0079 mg/L at SP1 to 0.1069 mg/L at SP3. Mn and Mg also increased from SP1 to SP3, reaching 2.3421 mg/L and 3.1724 mg/L, respectively, at SP3. The findings demonstrate variations in water quality across the study area, particularly in acidity and selected metal concentrations. The acidic nature of the water and the observed Pb and Cd concentrations warrant further investigation and comparison with applicable water quality standards.
Keywords
Surface water quality, physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, lead, cadmium, Rumuodogo/Osogu Market Creek, Sombrero River, Rivers State
How to cite this paper
@article{1724968,
author = {Alaye A. S. Bibiye, Courage Mathew, Chinule G. Oloya},
title = {Assessment of Surface Water Quality Along Rumuodogo / Osogu Market Creek of Sombrero River, Rivers State, South-South Nigeria},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {2203-2219},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724968.pdf},
abstract = {Surface water bodies play an important role in sustaining aquatic ecosystems and supporting the domestic and economic activities of communities. However, increasing human activities around rivers and creeks can introduce pollutants that compromise water quality and threaten aquatic life and public health. This study assessed the physicochemical (pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, TDS and TSS) and selected metal (Pb, Cd, Mg and Mn) concentrations of surface water along Rumuodogo/Osogu Market Creek, a tributary of the Sombrero River in Rivers State, Nigeria. Water samples for quasi-experiment were collected from three sampling points, designated SP1, SP2, and SP3, to examine spatial variations in selected water quality parameters. The results showed that the water was acidic across all three sampling points, with pH values ranging from 4.98 to 5.53. EC ranged from 683 to 708 µS/cm, while DO ranged from 6.83 to 7.68 mg/L. BOD values varied between 1.43 and 1.60 mg/L, whereas COD ranged from 5.25 to 8.40 mg/L. TDS concentrations ranged from 342 to 354 mg/L, while TSS varied between 9 and 12 mg/L. Turbidity ranged from 19 to 22 NTU. The metal results also revealed spatial variations. Pb concentrations ranged from 0.1573 to 1.2100 mg/L, with the highest concentration recorded at SP1. Cd increased progressively across the sampling points, from 0.0079 mg/L at SP1 to 0.1069 mg/L at SP3. Mn and Mg also increased from SP1 to SP3, reaching 2.3421 mg/L and 3.1724 mg/L, respectively, at SP3. The findings demonstrate variations in water quality across the study area, particularly in acidity and selected metal concentrations. The acidic nature of the water and the observed Pb and Cd concentrations warrant further investigation and comparison with applicable water quality standards.},
keywords = {Surface water quality, physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, lead, cadmium, Rumuodogo/Osogu Market Creek, Sombrero River, Rivers State},
month = {November},
}