Overt Incivility and Employee Withdrawal Behaviour in Public Owned Hospitals in South-South Region of Nigeria

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@article{1724998,
      author = {Dr. Josiah-Hart, Inyingiwarifagha Valerie, Dr. Emeribe, Adaobi C.},
      title = {Overt Incivility and Employee Withdrawal Behaviour in Public Owned Hospitals in South-South Region of Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {2441-2450},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1724998.pdf},
      abstract = {This study investigated the relationship between overt incivility and employee withdrawal behaviour in public hospitals in the South-south region of Nigeria, and determining the moderating ability of personality traits. A number of factors have been suspected to cause employee withdrawal behaviour, they include organisational climate, financial benefits, organisational structure and management’s attitude towards employees (Okache, 2020) which makes employee withdrawal behaviour even more glaring because it affects organisational performance negatively. The cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, as quantitative data was gathered through the use of a structured questionnaire. The accessible population of this study is 9610 senior staff (including doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists, pharmacists and administrators) from 12 selected public owned hospitals and a sample size of 369 employees derived through the Krejcie and Morgan table were used for the study. However, the Bowley’s (1964) formula was used in allocating the number of copies of the questionnaire to each healthcare facility. Overt incivility was measured using the Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) and employee withdrawal behaviour was measured with the Employee Withdrawal Behaviour Scale (EWBS). The data collected was analysed by Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient which was also used to indicate the strength and direction of these relationships. Findings revealed that there is a significant correlation between overt incivility and measures of employee withdrawal behaviour, with overt incivility and employee turnover behaviour exhibiting the strongest positive correlation coefficient of 0.762. Overt incivility and tardiness revealed the weakest positive correlation at 0.285. Personality trait was observed to be a potent moderator between the variables. The study concludes that employee withdrawal behaviour is ignited by overt incivility and recommends that the workplace culture and climate be made more conducive for better employee retention through management flexibility and readiness to prevent situations that encourage employee withdrawal behaviour.},
      keywords = {Overt incivility, personality traits, turnover, tardiness, withdrawal},
      month = {November},
  }