Zebra Crossing Infrastructure and Driver Yielding Behaviour in Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria

References

[1] Ajzen I (1991). The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

[2] Akple MS, Sogbe E, Atombo C (2020). Evaluation of road traffic signs, markings and traffic rules compliance among drivers in Ghana. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(4), 1295–1306.

[3] Anciaes P, Di Guardo G, Jones P (2020). Factors explaining driver yielding behaviour towards pedestrians at courtesy crossings. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 73, 453–469.

[4] Asaju JA, Olawepo RA, Ojekunle JA (2020). A study of the factors that influence the rate of pedestrian accidents on Lagos–Ikorodu Expressway, Nigeria [Unpublished manuscript].

[5] Asenahabi BM (2019). Basics of research design: A guide to selecting appropriate research design. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 6(5), 76–89.

[6] Baleja R, Bos P, Novak T, Sokanský K, Hanusek T (2017). Increasing visibility at pedestrian crossings using additional lighting systems. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 236(1), 012099. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/236/1/012099

[7] Bella F, Nobili F (2020). Driver–pedestrian interaction under legal and illegal pedestrian crossings. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.041

[8] Elvik R, Høye A, Vaa T, Sørensen M (2009). The handbook of road safety measures. Emerald Group Publishing.

[9] Femi OJ, Tolorunloju ER (2020). Assessment of road transport infrastructure in Lagos State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Engineering, 17(47), 182–192.

[10] Franke TM, Ho T, Christie CA (2012). The chi-square test: Often used and more often misinterpreted. American Journal of Evaluation, 33(3), 448–458. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214011426594

[11] Fu T, Miranda-Moreno L, Saunier N (2018). A novel framework to evaluate pedestrian safety at non-signalized locations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 111, 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.11.015

[12] Gitelman V, Carmel R, Pesahov F, Chen S (2017). Changes in road-user behaviours following the installation of raised pedestrian crosswalks combined with preceding speed humps on urban arterials. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 46, 356–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.09.035

[13] Guéguen N, Meineri S, Eyssartier C (2015). A pedestrian’s stare and drivers’ stopping behaviour: A field experiment at the pedestrian crossing. Safety Science, 75, 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.01.018

[14] Kothari CR (2007). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International, New Delhi.

[15] Litman T (2017). Evaluating transportation diversity: Multimodal planning for efficient and equitable communities. Victoria Transport Policy Institute, Victoria, BC.

[16] Obeng-Atuah D, Poku-Boansi M, Cobbinah PB (2017). Pedestrian crossing in urban Ghana: Safety implications. Journal of Transport & Health, 5, 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.06.007

[17] Odeleye JA (2002). Zebra crossing and pedestrian safety management in road traffic environment in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. In: 15th ICTCT Workshop on Speed Management Strategies and Implementation Planning, Evaluation, Behavioural, Legal & Institutional Issues, Brno, Czech Republic, pp. 23–25.

[18] Ojekunle JA, Oluwole MS, Mathia JA (2017). Adequacy and usage of pedestrian traffic infrastructure and facilities in Nigerian cities: Case study of Minna, Niger State. In: Proceedings of ICTA 2017, p. 39.

[19] Olawole MO, Olayiwola AM (2018). Pedestrians’ crossing behaviour in south-western Nigeria. Human Geographies: Journal of Studies & Research in Human Geography, 12(2).

[20] Olayinka AO, Olabisi AO, Olufunke O (2024). Assessment of pedestrian infrastructure across density areas of Lagos Metropolis, as perceived by primary school pupils. Tropical Journal of the Built Environment (TJOBE), 5(1).

[21] Seflers M, Kreicbergs J, Sauter G (2021). Equipment condition for zebra crossing night-time safety performance in Latvia. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, 16(4), 108–125.

[22] Sogbe E (2024). An investigation into drivers’ yielding behaviour at marked uncontrolled pedestrian crossings in Ghana. IATSS Research, 48(1), 100–107.

[23] Stapleton S, Kirsch T, Gates TJ, Savolainen PT (2017). Factors affecting driver yielding compliance at uncontrolled midblock crosswalks on low-speed roadways. Transportation Research Record, 2661, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.3141/2661-11

[24] Sucha M, Dostal D, Risser R (2017). Pedestrian-driver communication and decision strategies at marked crossings. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 102, 41–50.

[25] Sullivan A, Calderwood L (2017). Surveys: Longitudinal, cross-sectional and trend studies. In: The BERA/SAGE handbook of educational research, Vol. 1. SAGE Publications, pp. 395–415.

[26] William A, Kolawole OT, Comfort OA, Francis A (2021). Driver compliance and pedestrian safety at zebra crossings in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 9(1), 464–478. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2021.1984984

[27] World Health Organization (2018). Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: More active people for a healthier world. WHO, Geneva.

[28] World Health Organization (2019). Global status report on road safety 2018. WHO, Geneva.

[29] Zafri NM, Tabassum T, Himal MRH, Sultana R, Debnath AK (2022). Effect of pedestrian characteristics and their road crossing behaviours on driver yielding behaviour at controlled intersections. Journal of Safety Research, 81, 1–8.

[30] Zhao J, Malenje JO, Wu J, Ma R (2020). Modeling the interaction between vehicle yielding and pedestrian crossing behaviour at unsignalized midblock crosswalks. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 73, 222–235.

@article{1725065,
      author = {Itoro Friday Oyom, Dr. S. O. Olorunfemi},
      title = {Zebra Crossing Infrastructure and Driver Yielding Behaviour in Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos, Nigeria},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {2706-2718},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1725065.pdf},
      abstract = {Zebra crossings remain the most widely available pedestrian crossing facility in Nigerian cities, yet their protective value depends on both the physical condition of the crossing and the willingness of motorists to yield right-of-way to waiting pedestrians. In Ikeja Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos State’s principal administrative and commercial hub, evidence on these two dimensions has been limited, as earlier Nigerian studies have concentrated on pedestrian use and behaviour rather than on the joint assessment of crossing infrastructure and driver compliance. This study assessed the number and physical condition of zebra crossings in Ikeja LGA, determined the yield rate of drivers at these crossings, and tested the hypothesis that driver yieldedness does not differ significantly across times of day. A cross-sectional observational design was adopted. A physical census of thirty-five road corridors identified 148 zebra crossings, each assessed for visibility, approach signage, obstruction and traffic-calming provision. Driver yielding behaviour was subsequently observed at the three busiest of these thirty-five corridors across morning, afternoon and evening peak periods, yielding 1,490 recorded vehicle approaches. A chi-square test of independence (α = 0.05) was used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that 61.5% of crossings were in poor visual condition and only 5.4% had approach signage. The overall driver yield rate was 9.4% (140 of 1,490 vehicles), varying from 6.9% in the morning to 12.3% in the afternoon and 9.8% in the evening. The test confirmed a statistically significant association between driver yieldedness and time of day, χ²(2, N = 1,490) = 7.442, p = 0.024, although the effect size was small (Cramer’s V = 0.07). The study concludes that zebra crossings in Ikeja LGA are physically present but poorly maintained, inadequately signed, and rarely yielded by drivers, with compliance further constrained during high-volume morning traffic. Remarking and signage upgrades, together with enforcement concentrated in the morning peak period, are recommended to improve pedestrian safety.},
      keywords = {Zebra crossing, driver yielding behaviour, yield rate, pedestrian safety, road infrastructure condition, time of day, Lagos, Nigeria},
      month = {November},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/ire1725065}
  }