Systematic Review of Last-Mile Delivery Optimization and Procurement Efficiency in African Logistics Ecosystems

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@article{1708521,
      author = {Oyinomomo-emi Emmanuel Akpe, Jeffrey Chidera Ogeawuchi, Abraham Ayodeji Abayomi, Oluwademilade Aderemi Agboola, Ejielo Ogbuefi},
      title = {Systematic Review of Last-Mile Delivery Optimization and Procurement Efficiency in African Logistics Ecosystems},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2021},
      volume = {5},
      number = {6},
      pages = {377-388},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1708521.pdf},
      abstract = {This systematic review explores the evolving landscape of last-mile delivery optimization and procurement efficiency within African logistics ecosystems. As the final and often most complex leg of the supply chain, last-mile delivery poses unique challenges in Africa due to infrastructural limitations, urban congestion, low addressability, and the prevalence of informal markets. Similarly, procurement inefficiencies driven by fragmented regulatory frameworks, limited digital adoption, and inconsistent supplier performance hamper supply chain effectiveness across the continent. This systematically analyzes peer-reviewed literature, case studies, and industry reports published over the past fifteen years to identify prevailing trends, technological innovations, and policy interventions aimed at enhancing logistical performance. The review categorizes strategies for optimizing last-mile delivery into technological advancements (e.g., mobile platforms, GPS tracking, drones), alternative delivery models (e.g., gig economy, public-private partnerships), and urban-rural adaptations. Procurement efficiency is examined through the lens of digital procurement tools, supplier relationship management, and government-led reforms. Cross-cutting themes such as data integration, the role of analytics, and the impacts of external shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic are also addressed. Notable case studies from countries such as Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Ghana highlight localized innovations and emerging best practices. Despite growing interest and some successful interventions, the review identifies critical gaps including poor infrastructure, limited technological readiness, data scarcity, and policy fragmentation. It concludes with a call for increased multi-stakeholder collaboration, targeted capacity-building, and sustained investment in digital logistics systems. This review contributes to a clearer understanding of the mechanisms needed to build resilient, efficient, and inclusive logistics networks across Africa and provides a foundation for future research and policy development in the field.},
      keywords = {Systematic review, Last-mile, Delivery optimization, Procurement efficiency, African logistics, Ecosystems},
      month = {December},
  }