Evaluation of The Effects of Natural Lighting and Ventilation On Children Cognitive Development and Academic Performance: A Literature Review

References

[1] , atmosphere perception, the Anfimov attention test, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and reading comfort using three different paper colors.

[2] Lighting considerably influenced skin tone perception and atmospheric comfort. However, no significant impact was found on attention (Anfimoy test), alertness (KSS), or reading comfort.

[3] Paper color seemed to have a stronger effect on their reading comfort than lighting. Also, there was no major viausl fatique effect that was detected after 2 hour study

[4] 3.Influence of the thermal and lighting performance in classrooms on the cognitive productivity of students in Colombia

[5] Lucas Arango-Díaz, Olga Lucía Montoya Flórez, Laura Rendón Gaviria, Luz Magnolia Tilano Vega, Carla Maria Zapata Rueda (2021)To analyze how thermal and lighting conditions in classrooms influence cognitive performance (attention and executive functions) of 5th and 6th-grade students in public schools in Colombia. The objective was to assess environmental comfort factors and their correlation with learning efficiency.

[6] Field study was made in 40 classrooms across 14 public schools in Bogotá, Cali, and Medellín (2017–2018). Used cognitive performance tests (e.g., letter cancellation and fluidity tasks), thermal and visual perception surveys, and physical measurements (illuminance, temperature, humidity). Data analyzed with correlational and hierarchical regression methods.

[7] Lighting levels had a weak but statistically significant effect on cognitive outcomes, especially in semantic fluidity tasks. Students performed better in attention tests under optimal operative temperature conditions. However, relations were not always strong, possibly due to adaptation to local climate. Lighting effects varied by city and light type (horizontal vs. vertical).

[8] 4.Effects of lighting and sound factors on environmental sensation, perception, and cognitive performance in a classroomWonyoung Yang & Jin Yong Jeon (2023)The study sought to examine how lighting and sound aspects influence environmental feeling, insight, and thinking skills inside of classrooms.

[9] For six experimental sessions, 60 students from the university were in a real classroom. Different lighting conditions included changes in illuminance, specifically at 650 lx and 1050 lx, as well as related color temperatures of 3000 K, 4000 K, and 5700 K. Sound conditions were also manipulated. To assess cognitive performance, researchers used a working memory test and it was based on the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV.

[10] Lighting elements had a big impact on thinking skills, even more than noise did. Environmental perception showed cross-modal effects, but sensation did not show them. It turns out that classrooms considered perfect spots might not actually boost thinking skills.

[11] 5.Indoor Environmental Quality, Pupil’s Health and Academic PerformanceOluyemi Olagoke Toyinbo (2017)The goal was to check the inside environmental quality, mainly the ventilation, of primary schools and how it connects to student health and school results.

[12] Obtained data from elementary schools that are in Finland, the USA, and also Nigeria. The temperature inside was measured, as well as CO‚ , CO, moisture levels, how air moves, and details about the buildings. The surveys were given to students and principals and furthermore, the health records and academic performance information were carefully analyzed.Not enough ventilation was tied to poor air, more breathing problems for students, a rise in school absences, and also worse results in class. When ventilation systems were better, thermal comfort and thinking results improved too. As more students occupied a classroom, the ventilation available to each student was reduced.

[13] 6.Interaction between Thermal Comfort, Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Energy Consumption of Educational Buildings: A Comprehensive ReviewLin-Rui Jia, Jie Han, Xi Chen, Qing-Yun Li, Chi-Chung Lee, and Yat-Hei Fung (2021)The goal is to examine how thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and ventilation energy use work together in school buildings, mainly to find ways of making air quality and how well students do better.

[14] The study featured a thorough review of published work, looking at 148 papers from sources such as Scopus, Web of Science, and also ScienceDirect; it covered different ventilation styles like natural, mechanical, and mixed systems, IAQ measurements like CO‚ , PM, VOCs, plus what all this means for well-being and grades.

[15] Good ventilation really improves indoor air quality; it also lowers carbon dioxide and pollution, which helps students do better and feel healthier. When it comes to ventilation, mechanical and hybrid setups do a better job compared to only using natural methods. Bad air inside is related to lower thinking skills and also more missed days.

[16] 7.The Role of Mechanical Ventilation in Indoor Air Quality in Schools: An Experimental Comprehensive AnalysisBallerini, V.; Coccagna, M.; Bisi, M.; Volta, A.; Droghetti, L.; Rossi di Schio, E.; Valdiserri, P.; Mazzacane, S. (2025)In a high school classroom, the effect of a mechanical ventilation system on air quality was tested, and the focus was on measuring CO‚ , PM2. 5, VOCs, and radon.

[17] Over a school year, a controlled study in Ferrara, Italy, made a comparison of mechanical and natural ventilation in one classroom. The sensors took readings of CO‚ , temperature, humidity, PM2. 5, VOCs, and also radon both before and after the installation of MVHR or Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery.

[18] Mechanical ventilation decreased CO‚ levels by 62% on average, going from 2500 ppm to roughly 1000 ppm; this helped students be more comfortable and pay attention better. Still, not much of a difference was found for PM2. 5, VOCs, and radon. When using natural airflow, CO‚ levels would rise above 4500 ppm; however, MVHR maintained levels below 1500 ppm. Steady indoor temperature and humidity made well-being better as well.8.Enhancing Learning with Nature-Inspired Design in SchoolsRitika Omar, Deepti Pande Rana, Ar. Smriti Rastogi (2024)The study looks at how including natural aspects like sunlight and fresh air in school construction might support the mental, emotional, and social growth of children.

[19] The approach used different methods like a full review of existing writings, detailed looks at specific examples such as Nandanam Kindergarten and Fuji Kindergarten, surveys, watching what happened, and studying themes in things like light, airflow, and room layout.When natural light and air flow are used together, the air inside is better, stress goes down, and it is easier to pay attention, be creative, and get along with people. The results of the study indicated a definite relationship between environmentally friendly design and superior areas for education. For sustainability and also for student well-being, mechanical systems that included natural features were shown to be the most effective.9.Architectural Indoor Analysis: A Holistic Approach to Understand the Relation of Higher Education Classrooms and Academic PerformanceVicente López-Chao, Antonio Amado Lorenzo, Jorge Martin-Gutiérrez (2019)We aim to examine how elements inside buildings, like sunlight and airflow, affect grades in college classrooms from a complete point of view.

[20] Using mixed methods, 796 undergraduates were surveyed with the iPEP scale; classroom elements were assessed through statistical techniques; interviews with teachers offered helpful observations.

[21] Ventilation and also natural lighting were found to significantly predict a student's grade point average. Sunlight and scenery helped students focus in active classrooms, but in lecture halls where students were more passive, too much sunlight was a distraction. Good handling of natural airflow had a helpful effect on overall performance. The data supports that a complete mix of light and airflow really does improve learning results.10.Biophilic Design for Restorative University Learning Environments: A Critical Review of Literature and Design RecommendationsTerri Peters & Kristen D’Penna (2020)The purpose is to discover and assess biophilic design elements, including things like natural light and airflow, that help boost health and thinking skills in university study areas.A review of literature that was semi-structured and multi-disciplinary spanned across engineering, environmental psychology, and architecture. The studies were arranged by biophilic elements such as daylight entry, airflow, and natural resources and linked to how students did and felt.Using natural light and good airflow helps boost how well students learn, their focus, and their good feelings. Proposed ideas are windows that users can open, different amounts of daylight, good airflow for comfort, and spaces planned to help with "prospect and refuge. " Complete biophilic plans are very effective when creating the best learning places.Table 4.1: Summary of reviewed literature

[22] 4.2 Discussion of reviewed literature

[23] From the literature reviewed, it is evident that environmental elements especially daylighting and natural ventilation, play a crucial role in students learning, comfort, and well-being.

[24] In real-life, daylighting has been proven to have a positive effect on the cognitive performance, visual comfort, and mental health. (Gilavand 2016) states that sufficient natural light decreases stress levels increases concentration and enhances educational achievement, and that healthy learning depends more on natural light, especially for the younger generation. (Yang and Jeon 2023) also reported the same in a university when existing light level and CCT had a direct relationship with the score of cognitive performance.

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@article{1709108,
      author = {Favour I. Ilesanmi, Obafemi A. Ibitoye, Gbemiga O. Kukoyi, Olufunmilola O. Adenubi},
      title = {Evaluation of The Effects of Natural Lighting and Ventilation On Children Cognitive Development and Academic Performance: A Literature Review},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {12},
      pages = {920-930},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1709108.pdf},
      abstract = {This study looks at the effects of natural lighting and ventilation on children's cognitive development and academic achievement. Recent study has shown that exposure to natural light improves cognitive skills such as memory recall, attention span, and information processing, all of which lead to better academic achievement. Furthermore, proper ventilation is vital in maintaining indoor air quality, which is necessary for students' alertness, attention, and overall well-being. The study examined diverse classroom settings to determine how differing levels of natural light and airflow affect students' learning experiences. According to the findings, classrooms constructed with enough of natural light and efficient ventilation not only produce a more conducive learning environment, but also contribute to better student health outcomes by lowering fatigue and stress. This study emphasizes the necessity of optimizing classroom surroundings to improve educational experiences, recommending that educational officials and school administrators prioritize the inclusion of natural lighting and sufficient ventilation in school designs.},
      keywords = {Natural Lighting, Ventilation, Cognitive Development, Academic Performance, Classroom Environment},
      month = {June},
  }