Greener Personalization for SMEs: A Review at the Intersection of Economics, Geophysics, and Geotechnics.
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are foundational to global economic development, yet their digital transformation introduces new sustainability dilemmas. As e-commerce expands, logistics emissions surge, driven by complex geophysical and geotechnical realities such as terrain slope, soil strength, subgrade stability, flood risk, and infrastructure inequality that most personalization systems ignore. Conventional recommender engines maximize sales metrics while neglecting environmental, geotechnical, and spatial variability in delivery operations. This review integrates digital economics, geophysical modeling, and geotechnical insights to propose a Geo-Carbon-Aware Personalization Framework (GCAPF) for SMEs. By incorporating terrain-adjusted emission models, route-risk estimates, and basic ground-condition indicators (e.g., soil bearing capacity, erosion susceptibility, landslide exposure) into personalization algorithms, SMEs can optimize for both profit and sustainability. Drawing on 104 studies (2015?2025) across digital transformation, logistics sustainability, GeoAI, and emerging geotechnical work on road performance and slope stability, this synthesis reveals that fewer than 10% of existing frameworks integrate terrain- and soil-based carbon variability into e-commerce decision systems. Meta-analysis suggests potential emission reductions of 10?20% without significant revenue loss, provided that routing penalties reflect both topographic and geotechnical constraints. The paper concludes with a roadmap for operationalizing geo- and geotechnics-aware personalization through open data, policy incentives, and low-cost analytical tools, positioning SMEs as agents of low-carbon digital growth, particularly in developing regions such as Nigeria.
Keywords
GeoAI, SME Digital Transformation, Carbon-Aware Recommender Systems, Logistics Emissions, Geophysical and Geotechnical Modeling
Citations
IRE Journals:
Ndulue, Christopher Chukwuebuka, Udoh, Gabriel Udoh, Okorobia, Ebi Mark "Greener Personalization for SMEs: A Review at the Intersection of Economics, Geophysics, and Geotechnics." Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 5 2025 Page 2601-2617 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I5-1712535
IEEE:
Ndulue, Christopher Chukwuebuka, Udoh, Gabriel Udoh, Okorobia, Ebi Mark
"Greener Personalization for SMEs: A Review at the Intersection of Economics, Geophysics, and Geotechnics." Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(5) https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I5-1712535
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