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1716647 Vol 9 · Issue 10 Download Paper

Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete

Usman Abdu Abubakar Abbagana Mohammed

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: Construction Material/Civil Engineering

DOI: 10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647

Abstract

Researchers all over the globe are still working to arrive at an intentionally standard mix design for geopolymer concrete (Singh and Kapoor, 2022). To enhance the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, this study investigates the impact of the metakaolin content, liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio and the sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio. 20 sets of experiments were designed and tested for the compressive strength based on the response surface methodology technique. The optimal parameters were obtained via modeling of the 3 factors (metakaolin content, L/S ratio and SS/SH ratio) and 3 levels of compressive strength (3 day, 7 day and 28 day). The optimized results showed that the highest compressive strengths of the geopolymer concrete are 16.9N/mm2 for 3 day, 30.3N/mm2 for 7 day and 44.1N/mm2 for 28 day curing when the three optimized factors are 420 grams for metakaolin content, 0.8 for L/S ratio and 1.7 for SS/SH ratio. Finally, the optimized factors (A) of 420 grams and factor C of 1.7 are higher by 5% and 13% than the actual test data of 400 grams and 1.5 for factors A and C respectively. It can then be concluded that the optimized factors setting influences the responses more than the actual test data.

Keywords

Optimum, Mix Design, Metakaolin and Geopolymer

References

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[2] Chen, K.; Wu, D.; Zhang, Z.; Pan, C.; Shen, X.; Xia, L.; Zang, J. Modeling and optimization of fly ash–slag-based geopolymer using response surface method and its application in soft soil stabilization. Construction of Building. Material. 2022, 315, 125723. [CrossRef]

[3] Chen, K.; Wu, D.; Zhang, Z.; Pan, C.; Shen, X.; Xia, L.; Zang, J. Modeling and optimization of fly ash–slag-based geopolymer using response surface method and its application in soft soil stabilization. Construction of Building Material. 2022, 315, 125723. [CrossRef]

[4] Chen, Y.L.; Zeng, H.; Li, T.Y.; Liu, Z.F. Development and application of metakaolin, fly ash and slag geopolymer grouting materials. Highway Engineering. 2021, 46, 142–147.

[5] Ghanbari, M.; Hadian, A.M.; Nourbakhsh, A.A.; MacKenzie, K.J.D. Modeling and optimization of compressive strength and bulk density of metakaolin-based geopolymer using central composite design: A numerical and experimental study. Ceram. Int. 2017, 43, 324–335. [CrossRef]

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[7] Guo, X.; Pan, X. Effects of steel slag on mechanical properties and mechanism of fly ash–based geopolymer. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2020, 32, 04019348. [CrossRef]

[8] Parathi, S.; Nagarajan, P.; Pallikkara, S.A. Ecofriendly geopolymer concrete: A comprehensive review. Clean Technol. Env. Policy 2021, 23, 1701–1713. [CrossRef]

[9] Shehata, N.; Mohamed, O.A.; Sayed, E.T.; Abdelkareem, M.A.; Olabi, A.G. Geopolymer concrete as green building materials: Recent applications, sustainable development and circular economy potentials. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 836, 155577. [CrossRef]

[10] Shi, X.; Zhang, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, T.; Wang, Q. Response Surface Methodology for multi-objective optimization of fly ash-GGBS based geopolymer mortar. Constr. Build. Mater. 2022, 315, 125644. [CrossRef]

[11] Singh, P.; Kapoor, K. Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 2022, 16, 1315–1335. [CrossRef]

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How to cite this paper

Usman Abdu Abubakar, Abbagana Mohammed "Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 10 2026 Page 2441-2451 https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647
Usman Abdu Abubakar, Abbagana Mohammed "Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647
Usman Abdu Abubakar, Abbagana Mohammed (2026). Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(10). doi: https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647
Usman Abdu Abubakar, Abbagana Mohammed "Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 10, Apr. 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647
@article{1716647,
      author = {Usman Abdu Abubakar, Abbagana Mohammed},
      title = {Development of Optimum Mix Design for Local Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Concrete},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {9},
      number = {10},
      pages = {2441-2451},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1716647.pdf},
      abstract = {Researchers all over the globe are still working to arrive at an intentionally standard mix design for geopolymer concrete (Singh and Kapoor, 2022). To enhance the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, this study investigates the impact of the metakaolin content, liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio and the sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio. 20 sets of experiments were designed and tested for the compressive strength based on the response surface methodology technique. The optimal parameters were obtained via modeling of the 3 factors (metakaolin content, L/S ratio and SS/SH ratio) and 3 levels of compressive strength (3 day, 7 day and 28 day). The optimized results showed that the highest compressive strengths of the geopolymer concrete are 16.9N/mm2 for 3 day, 30.3N/mm2 for 7 day and 44.1N/mm2 for 28 day curing when the three optimized factors are 420 grams for metakaolin content, 0.8 for L/S ratio and 1.7 for SS/SH ratio. Finally, the optimized factors (A) of 420 grams and factor C of 1.7 are higher by 5% and 13% than the actual test data of 400 grams and 1.5 for factors A and C respectively. It can then be concluded that the optimized factors setting influences the responses more than the actual test data.},
      keywords = {Optimum, Mix Design, Metakaolin and Geopolymer},
      month = {April},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I10-1716647}
  }