Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate

• Author(s): Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan; Esau, James Esau; Lawson, Tamunoiminabo
• Paper ID: 1719763
• Page: 1387-1396
• Published Date: 15-07-2026
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 10 Issue 1 July-2026

Abstract

Buildings use a lot of energy and produce a significant amount of carbon emissions, so there's a growing interest in designing them in a way that reduces the need for energy-intensive systems. In Nigeria, the rapid growth of cities, increasing demand for cooling, and ongoing issues with electricity supply have made it essential to find building solutions that are more environmentally friendly, especially in mixed-use developments that serve many different purposes and house large numbers of people. Using natural ventilation, orienting buildings to maximize natural light, providing solar shading, incorporating thermal mass, integrating landscapes, and planning courtyards are all techniques that can help improve building performance while reducing energy consumption. This study looks at how these passive design techniques can be used in mixed-use buildings in Nigeria, with a focus on natural ventilation as a key strategy for cooling buildings without relying on mechanical systems. The study involved a thorough review of existing research and a comparison of four example projects: the Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe, Menara Mesiniaga in Malaysia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore, and Pearl Academy in India. The results show that successfully implementing passive design requires combining multiple environmental strategies rather than relying on just one approach. By doing so, buildings can be designed to be more sustainable, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsive.

Keywords

Natural Ventilation, Passive Cooling, Mixed-Use Buildings, Hot-Humid Climate, Bioclimatic Architecture.

Citations

IRE Journals:
Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan, Esau, James Esau, Lawson, Tamunoiminabo "Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 1 2026 Page 1387-1396

IEEE:
Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan, Esau, James Esau, Lawson, Tamunoiminabo "Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026

APA:
Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan, Esau, James Esau, Lawson, Tamunoiminabo (2026). Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(1).

MLA:
Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan, Esau, James Esau, Lawson, Tamunoiminabo "Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 1, Jul. 2026.

BibTeX

@article{1719763,
author = {Oma-Wilkie, Oritsejolomi Oritsematosan, Esau, James Esau, Lawson, Tamunoiminabo},
title = {Natural Ventilation as The Primary Passive Cooling Strategy for Large-Scale Mixed-Use Buildings in Bonny’s Hot-Humid Coastal Climate},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2026},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1387-1396},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1719763.pdf},
abstract = {Buildings use a lot of energy and produce a significant amount of carbon emissions, so there's a growing interest in designing them in a way that reduces the need for energy-intensive systems. In Nigeria, the rapid growth of cities, increasing demand for cooling, and ongoing issues with electricity supply have made it essential to find building solutions that are more environmentally friendly, especially in mixed-use developments that serve many different purposes and house large numbers of people. Using natural ventilation, orienting buildings to maximize natural light, providing solar shading, incorporating thermal mass, integrating landscapes, and planning courtyards are all techniques that can help improve building performance while reducing energy consumption. This study looks at how these passive design techniques can be used in mixed-use buildings in Nigeria, with a focus on natural ventilation as a key strategy for cooling buildings without relying on mechanical systems. The study involved a thorough review of existing research and a comparison of four example projects: the Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe, Menara Mesiniaga in Malaysia, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in Singapore, and Pearl Academy in India. The results show that successfully implementing passive design requires combining multiple environmental strategies rather than relying on just one approach. By doing so, buildings can be designed to be more sustainable, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsive.},
keywords = {Natural Ventilation, Passive Cooling, Mixed-Use Buildings, Hot-Humid Climate, Bioclimatic Architecture.},
month = {July}
}