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Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces

Anyande Benard Alex Patrick Makila Wanjala

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: Pure Mathematics

Abstract

This paper establishes the existence of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings on bounded closed convex subsets of uniformly n-convex n-Banach spaces. Building on the geometric properties of such spaces—reflexivity, weak compactness of bounded closed convex sets, and n-normal structure—we first prove an n-demi-closedness principle: for a nonexpansive self-map T, the mapping I-T is demi-closed at zero. Using this principle together with an approximate fixed point sequence generated by a family of n-normed contractions, we prove an n-normed analogue of the Browder–Göhde–Kirk theorem, namely that every nonexpansive self-map of a nonempty bounded closed convex subset of a uniformly n-convex n-Banach space has a fixed point. We further show that the fixed point set is closed and convex, and we establish a fixed point theorem valid in any reflexive n-Banach space with n-normal structure, obtained through a minimal-invariant-set argument of Kirk type. The results extend the classical fixed point theory of nonexpansive mappings, and the case n=2, to all n≥2.

Keywords

Approximate fixed point sequence, Demi-closedness, Fixed point property, Nonexpansive mapping, n-Normal structure.

References

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[3] H. Gunawan and M. Mashadi, “On n-normed spaces,” Int. J. Math. Math. Sci., vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 631–639, 2001. Wiley

[4] H. Gunawan, E. Kikianty, and M. Mashadi, “On n-inner product, n-norms, and the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality,” Sci. Math. Jpn., vol. 5, pp. 47–54, 2005.

[5] J. A. Clarkson, “Uniformly convex spaces,” Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 396–414, 1936. American Mathematical Society

[6] F. E. Browder, “Fixed-point theorems for noncompact mappings in Hilbert space,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 53, pp. 1272–1276, 1965. PubMed

[7] D. Göhde, “Zum Prinzip der kontraktiven Abbildung,” Math. Nachr., vol. 30, pp. 251–258, 1965. Wiley

[8] W. A. Kirk, “A fixed point theorem for mappings which do not increase distances,” Amer. Math. Monthly, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 1004–1006, 1965. JSTOR

[9] D. P. Milman, “On some criteria for the regularity of spaces of the type B,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, vol. 20, pp. 243–246, 1938.

[10] J. Pettis, “A proof that every uniformly convex space is reflexive,” Duke Math. J., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 249–253, 1939.

[11] Z. Opial, “Weak convergence of the sequence of successive approximations for nonexpansive mappings,” Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 73, pp. 591–597, 1967. American Mathematical Society

[12] W. F. Eberlein, “Weak compactness in Banach spaces,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., vol. 33, pp. 51–53, 1947. PubMed

[13] Z. Lewandowska, “Banach–Steinhaus theorems for 2-normed spaces,” Bull. Korean Math. Soc., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 325–341, 2001.

[14] Y. J. Cho, K. S. Ha, and S. S. Kim, “Fixed point theorems for nonexpansive mappings in 2-normed spaces,” J. Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 26, pp. 207–216, 2008.

How to cite this paper

Anyande Benard Alex, Patrick Makila Wanjala "Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 3 2026 Page 2494-2497
Anyande Benard Alex, Patrick Makila Wanjala "Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 3, Sep. 2026
Anyande Benard Alex, Patrick Makila Wanjala (2026). Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(3).
Anyande Benard Alex, Patrick Makila Wanjala "Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 3, Sep. 2026.
@article{1723338,
      author = {Anyande Benard Alex, Patrick Makila Wanjala},
      title = {Existence of Fixed Points of Nonexpansive Mappings in Uniformly n-Convex n-Banach Spaces},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {2494-2497},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723338.pdf},
      abstract = {This paper establishes the existence of fixed points of nonexpansive mappings on bounded closed convex subsets of uniformly n-convex n-Banach spaces. Building on the geometric properties of such spaces—reflexivity, weak compactness of bounded closed convex sets, and n-normal structure—we first prove an n-demi-closedness principle: for a nonexpansive self-map T, the mapping I-T is demi-closed at zero. Using this principle together with an approximate fixed point sequence generated by a family of n-normed contractions, we prove an n-normed analogue of the Browder–Göhde–Kirk theorem, namely that every nonexpansive self-map of a nonempty bounded closed convex subset of a uniformly n-convex n-Banach space has a fixed point. We further show that the fixed point set is closed and convex, and we establish a fixed point theorem valid in any reflexive n-Banach space with n-normal structure, obtained through a minimal-invariant-set argument of Kirk type. The results extend the classical fixed point theory of nonexpansive mappings, and the case n=2, to all n≥2.},
      keywords = {Approximate fixed point sequence, Demi-closedness, Fixed point property, Nonexpansive mapping, n-Normal structure.},
      month = {September},
  }