International Peer-Reviewed JournalOpen AccessISSN 2456-8880
irejournals@gmail.com+91-7433024337

Home / Current Issue / Paper 1723406

1723406 Vol 10 · Issue 3 Download Paper

Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030

Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez

Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology  ·  Area of research: OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis

Abstract

Saudi Arabia’s manufacturing ambitions under Vision 2030 require factories to convert installed capacity into reliable, high-quality and resource-efficient output rather than depend mainly on additional capital equipment. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) remains one of the most widely used measures for exposing availability, performance and quality losses, yet the literature shows that an aggregate OEE score can conceal the mechanisms that actually create lost capacity [1–4]. This review develops an advanced machine performance management framework that combines OEE with deep-loss analysis, defined here as a structured decomposition of OEE losses into event, duration, frequency, causal, economic and operational layers. Thirty sources published from 2020 to 2025 were critically synthesized, covering OEE theory, total productive maintenance, Lean 4.0, predictive maintenance, digital twins, machine learning, real-time shop-floor monitoring and Saudi industrial transformation [5–30]. The review finds that effective performance management depends on three transitions: from periodic OEE reporting to trusted event-level data; from six-loss categorization to causal and value-weighted prioritization; and from isolated corrective actions to closed-loop learning supported by analytics and governance. The proposed framework links machine signals, standardized OEE calculation, loss trees, causal analysis, intervention portfolios and verification of sustained gains. It is tailored to Saudi manufacturing by connecting factory-level outcomes to productivity, localization, quality, resilience and advanced-manufacturing objectives under Vision 2030. and workforce capability development at scale.

Keywords

overall equipment effectiveness; deep-loss analysis; machine performance management; total productive maintenance; predictive maintenance; Lean 4.0; Saudi manufacturing; Vision 2030

References

[1] L. C. Ng Corrales, M. P. Lambán, M. E. Hernandez Korner, and J. Royo, “Overall Equipment Effectiveness: Systematic Literature Review and Overview of Different Approaches,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 18, Art. no. 6469, 2020, doi: 10.3390/app10186469. MDPI

[2] M. M. Schiraldi and M. Varisco, “Overall Equipment Effectiveness: Consistency of ISO Standard with Literature,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 145, Art. no. 106518, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106518. ScienceDirect

[3] C. K. Cheah, J. Prakash, and K. S. Ong, “Overall Equipment Effectiveness: A Review and Development of an Integrated Improvement Framework,” International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 46–71, 2020, doi: 10.1504/IJPQM.2020.107240. Crossref

[4] M. Suryaprakash, M. G. Prabha, M. Yuvaraja, and R. V. R. Revanth, “Improvement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness of Machining Centre Using TPM,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020.

[5] T. Zonta, C. A. da Costa, R. da Rosa Righi, M. J. de Lima, E. S. da Trindade, and G. P. Li, “Predictive Maintenance in the Industry 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 150, Art. no. 106889, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106889. Crossref

[6] J. Dalzochio, R. Kunst, E. Pignaton, A. Binotto, S. Sanyal, J. Favilla, and J. Barbosa, “Machine Learning and Reasoning for Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0: Current Status and Challenges,” Computers in Industry, vol. 123, Art. no. 103298, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2020.103298. ScienceDirect

[7] S. Di Luozzo, G. R. Pop, and M. M. Schiraldi, “The Human Performance Impact on OEE in the Adoption of New Production Technologies,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 18, Art. no. 8620, 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11188620. MDPI

[8] M. Zubair, S. Maqsood, T. Habib, Q. M. U. Jan, U. Nadir, M. Waseem, and Q. M. Yaseen, “Manufacturing Productivity Analysis by Applying Overall Equipment Effectiveness Metric in a Pharmaceutical Industry,” Cogent Engineering, vol. 8, Art. no. 1953681, 2021, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2021.1953681. Taylor & Francis

[9] C. Semeraro, M. Lezoche, H. Panetto, and M. Dassisti, “Digital Twin Paradigm: A Systematic Literature Review,” Computers in Industry, vol. 130, Art. no. 103469, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2021.103469. Crossref

[10] L. Lattanzi, R. Raffaeli, M. Peruzzini, and M. Pellicciari, “Digital Twin for Smart Manufacturing: A Review of Concepts towards a Practical Industrial Implementation,” International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 567–597, 2021, doi: 10.1080/0951192X.2021.1911003. Taylor & Francis

[11] T. Y. Melesse, V. Di Pasquale, and S. Riemma, “Digital Twin Models in Industrial Operations: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions,” IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 2021, doi: 10.1049/cim2.12010. Wiley

[12] J. Leng, D. Wang, W. Shen, X. Li, Q. Liu, and X. Chen, “Digital Twins-Based Smart Manufacturing System Design in Industry 4.0: A Review,” Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 60, pp. 119–137, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.05.011. ScienceDirect

[13] S. Raju, H. A. Kamble, R. Srinivasaiah, and D. R. Swamy, “Anatomization of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness for Various Machines in a Tool and Die Shop,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 97–105, 2022, doi: 10.1108/JIMSE-01-2022-0004. Emerald

[14] Y. H. Hung, L. Y. O. Li, and T. C. E. Cheng, “Uncovering Hidden Capacity in Overall Equipment Effectiveness Management,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 248, Art. no. 108494, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108494. ScienceDirect

[15] S. Basak, M. Baumers, M. Holweg, R. Hague, and C. Tuck, “Reducing Production Losses in Additive Manufacturing Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 56, Art. no. 102904, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.102904. ScienceDirect

[16] P. Ondra, “The Impact of Single Minute Exchange of Die and Total Productive Maintenance on Overall Equipment Effectiveness,” Journal of Competitiveness, vol. 14, pp. 113–132, 2022, doi: 10.7441/joc.2022.03.07. Journal of Competitiveness

[17] H. Tercan and T. Meisen, “Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Predictive Quality in Manufacturing: A Systematic Review,” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 33, pp. 1879–1905, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10845-022-01963-8. Springer

[18] E. Stefana, P. Cocca, F. Fantori, F. Marciano, and A. Marini, “Resource Overall Equipment Cost Loss Indicator to Assess Equipment Performance and Product Cost,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 20–45, 2022.

[19] S. Thiede, “Advanced Energy Data Analytics to Predict Machine Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE): A Synergetic Approach to Foster Sustainable Manufacturing,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 116, pp. 438–443, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.074. Crossref

[20] P. Dobra and J. Jósvai, “Overall Equipment Effectiveness-Related Assembly Pattern Catalogue Based on Machine Learning,” Manufacturing Technology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 276–283, 2023, doi: 10.21062/mft.2023.036. Manufacturing Technology

[21] F. Pei, J. Liu, C. Zhuang, L. Zheng, and J. Zhang, “Collaborative Optimization of a Matrix Manufacturing System Based on Overall Equipment Effectiveness,” Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 37, Art. no. 109, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s10033-024-01100-x. Springer

[22] Z. Mouhib, M. Gallab, S. Merzouk, A. Soulhi, and B. Elbhiri, “Towards a Generic Framework of OEE Monitoring for Driving Effectiveness in Digitalization Era,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 232, pp. 2508–2520, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2024.02.069. ScienceDirect

[23] P. Eichenseer and H. Winkler, “A Data-Oriented Shopfloor Management in the Production Context: A Systematic Literature Review,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 134, pp. 4071–4097, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s00170-024-14238-8. Springer

[24] B. Kassem, M. Callupe, M. Rossi, M. Rossini, and A. Portioli-Staudacher, “Lean 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review on the Interaction between Lean Production and Industry 4.0 Pillars,” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 821–847, 2024, doi: 10.1108/JMTM-04-2022-0144. Crossref

[25] K. Zehra, N. H. Mirjat, S. A. Shakih, K. Harijan, L. Kumar, and M. El Haj Assad, “Optimizing Auto Manufacturing: A Holistic Approach Integrating Overall Equipment Effectiveness for Enhanced Efficiency and Sustainability,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 7, Art. no. 2973, 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16072973. MDPI

[26] A. A. Aljuaid, S. A. Masood, and J. A. Tipu, “Integrating Industry 4.0 for Sustainable Localized Manufacturing to Support Saudi Vision 2030: An Assessment of the Saudi Arabian Automotive Industry Model,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 12, Art. no. 5096, 2024, doi: 10.3390/su16125096. MDPI

[27] L. Lucantoni, S. Antomarioni, F. E. Ciarapica, and M. Bevilacqua, “A Data-Driven Framework for Supporting the Total Productive Maintenance Strategy,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 268, Art. no. 126283, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2024.126283. ScienceDirect

[28] A. Wali, N. A. Mufti, and M. A. Ali, “Enhancing Overall Equipment Effectiveness through Lean Digitization: A Longitudinal Study in Tractor Manufacturing,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 2584–2621, 2025, doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-09-2024-0651. Emerald

[29] Saudi Vision 2030, Vision 2030 Annual Report 2024. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2025. Saudi Vision 2030

[30] Saudi Press Agency, “Advanced Manufacturing: A Core Pillar of Saudi Arabia’s Industrial Transformation,” Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Oct. 16, 2025.

How to cite this paper

Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez "Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 10 Issue 3 2026 Page 2749-2761
Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez "Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 3, Sep. 2026
Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez (2026). Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 10(3).
Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez "Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 10, no. 3, Sep. 2026.
@article{1723406,
      author = {Mostafa Medhat Ismail Hafez},
      title = {Advanced Machine Performance Management Using OEE and Deep-Loss Analysis: A Framework for Saudi Manufacturing Competitiveness under Vision 2030},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2026},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {2749-2761},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1723406.pdf},
      abstract = {Saudi Arabia’s manufacturing ambitions under Vision 2030 require factories to convert installed capacity into reliable, high-quality and resource-efficient output rather than depend mainly on additional capital equipment. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) remains one of the most widely used measures for exposing availability, performance and quality losses, yet the literature shows that an aggregate OEE score can conceal the mechanisms that actually create lost capacity [1–4]. This review develops an advanced machine performance management framework that combines OEE with deep-loss analysis, defined here as a structured decomposition of OEE losses into event, duration, frequency, causal, economic and operational layers. Thirty sources published from 2020 to 2025 were critically synthesized, covering OEE theory, total productive maintenance, Lean 4.0, predictive maintenance, digital twins, machine learning, real-time shop-floor monitoring and Saudi industrial transformation [5–30]. The review finds that effective performance management depends on three transitions: from periodic OEE reporting to trusted event-level data; from six-loss categorization to causal and value-weighted prioritization; and from isolated corrective actions to closed-loop learning supported by analytics and governance. The proposed framework links machine signals, standardized OEE calculation, loss trees, causal analysis, intervention portfolios and verification of sustained gains. It is tailored to Saudi manufacturing by connecting factory-level outcomes to productivity, localization, quality, resilience and advanced-manufacturing objectives under Vision 2030. and workforce capability development at scale.},
      keywords = {overall equipment effectiveness; deep-loss analysis; machine performance management; total productive maintenance; predictive maintenance; Lean 4.0; Saudi manufacturing; Vision 2030},
      month = {September},
  }