Using Decentralized Renewable Mini-grid To Tackle Nigeria's Rural Energy Problems

References

[1] Leo Peskett (2011). Global Village Energy Partnership GVEP International, Policy Briefing. (pp 1-2) Nov. 2011.

[2] The Population of Federal Republic of Nigeria (2017).Avalable: http:// ww.worldometers.info

[3] Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry Statistics (2016). Available: http://nesistats.org/index.html.

[4] Richard Branson, 2017; https://www.virgin.com/richard- branson/nigeria-kick-start-10-billion- renewable-mini-grid-market-impact- investors

[5] United Nation Development Programme, UNDP Human Development Report, 2005.

[6] Opportunities for off-grid solutions in the Nigerian power sector –jan.13, 2016. http://www.financialnigeria.com

[7] National Rural Electric Cooperative Association: Mini-grid Design Manual (2000).

[8] J.Clerk Maxwell, Distributed generation: options and approaches. Sustainable Energy Regulation and Policy making for Africa. Vienna, Austria: Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership, REEP, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68– 73.

[9] Kirubi Charles, Arne Jacobson, Daniel M Kammen and Andrew Mills.”Community- Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya” World Development 37(7): 1200- 1221, 2009.

[10] R:Belfikra,C. Nichita, P. Reghem and G. Barakat, Modelling and Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Renewable energy Sytem. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2008.EPE-PEMC 2008.13 th pages 1834- 1839, Sept.2008.

[11] Oil Producing Export Countries, OPEC, Annual Statistical Bulletin, Federal Republic of Nigeria Energy for the 4 th Plan, 1980.

[12] Energy in Developing Countries, World Bank, Undated.

[13] Kleinkauf, W and Raptis F, 1997 Elektrifizerung mit erneueurbaren Energien- Hybridanlangen-technik zur dezentralen, netzkompatiblen Stromversogung Forschungsverb und Sonnenergie‘

[14] Renewable Energy Magazine, 2013. (https://www.renewableenergymagazine.co m/small_hydro/why-small-hydropower-is- making-a-big-20120822)

[15] Renewable Generation and Storage of Electrical Energy Notes by Prof. Klaus Pfeiffer, TU Cottbus, Germany,2011.

[16] V.N. Dike, T.C. Chineke, O.K Nwofor and U.K Okoro, Evaluation of horizontal surface solar radiation levels in Southern Nigeria, Journal of renewable and sustainable energy 3, 2011.

[17] David Craddock, Renewable Energy Made Easy: Free energy from solar, wind, hydropower and other alternative energy resources. Lorida Atlantic Publishing, 2008, p.41.

[18] Wind for Electricity Generation Technical Brief by Practical Action, Technology Challenging Poverty, 2008.

[19] David, A Spera : Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental Concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering: ASME Press, 1994.

[20] J. Cust, A. Singh, and K. Neuhoff, “Rural Electrification in India: Economic and Institutional aspects of Renewables,” Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0763, 2007.

[21] Christophe de Gowello & Yves Maigne (2002). Technological configurations of decentralized energy supply, an opportunity for the planet. Systèmes Solaires.

[22] Hydro-based renewable power system for rural electrification: Dipl Ing R.K Maskey and Prof. Dr. Ing H.C mult F. Nestmsnn, Institute of Water resources management, hydraulicsa and rural engineering, University of Karlsruhe, Germany,2008.

[23] Alliance for rural electrification; hybrid Power systems based on renewable energies: a suitable and cost-competitive solution for rural electrification, 2010.

[24] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.

[25] C. Y. Lin, M. Wu, J. A. Bloom, I. J. Cox, and M. Miller, “Rotation, scale, and translation resilient public watermarking for images,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 767-782, May 2001.

@article{1700693,
      author = {Kamilu O. Lawal, Badmus Abdulhafeez, Prof. G.A Bakare},
      title = {Using Decentralized Renewable Mini-grid To Tackle Nigeria's Rural Energy Problems},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2018},
      volume = {1},
      number = {11},
      pages = {40-46},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1700693.pdf},
      abstract = {The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential of decentralized, renewable mini-grid to solve the Nigerian rural energy problems. According to the World Bank, about 80 million Nigerians living in 8000 villages across the country lack access to electricity. Many of these villages are fortunate enough to be in proximity to indigenous renewable energy resources such as hydro, solar, wind, etc. and as such there is huge potential to deploy renewable energy technology in the design and construction of a low voltage electrical network. In many places due to remoteness and cost, it is unlikely that a main grid connection will ever be established. For Nigeria to achieve its millennium development goals, she must address urgently, the energy needs of the people, especially those at the rural communities. This will lead to economic growth in the rural region and thus the driving force to attaining rural community and sustained national development which is in line with the present Sustainable Development Goal, SDG of United Nations Development Program. },
      keywords = {Developing countries, Economic growth, Rural electricity, Renewable energy resources/technology, Sustainable development},
      month = {May},
  }