An Investigation on 3-Acetyl-7-Methoxy-Coumarin Schiff Bases and Their Cyclometallated Ruthenium (II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Studies
Abstract
In this study, novel cyclometallated ruthenium (II) complexes were synthesized using 3-acetyl-7-methoxycoumarin-4N-substituted thiosemicarbazones as ligands, which were characterized through various analytical and spectral techniques, including X-ray crystallography, revealing that the ligands underwent C–H activation at the C (4) carbon of the pyrone ring and coordinated in a tridentate fashion via carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated using UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, indicating a strong binding affinity through an intercalative mode, further supported by ethidium bromide displacement and viscosity measurements. Binding studies with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) demonstrated a static quenching mechanism, with three-dimensional fluorescence measurements confirming microenvironmental changes in the serum albumins upon interaction. The antioxidant activity of the complexes was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assays, showing significant free radical scavenging potential. Antimicrobial studies against various bacterial and fungal strains revealed a broad spectrum of activity, with the complexes exhibiting enhanced efficacy compared to the free ligands. Cytotoxicity evaluations against MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and A549 (human lung carcinoma) cell lines indicated that the ruthenium complexes possessed superior anticancer activity relative to both the ligands and the standard drug cisplatin, as evidenced by lower IC50 values. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and nitric oxide (NO) release assays further corroborated the cytotoxic nature of these compounds. Importantly, tests conducted on HaCaT (human normal keratinocyte) cells confirmed the non-toxic nature of the complexes toward normal cells, highlighting their potential as selective anticancer agents. This comprehensive investigation underscores the promise of 3-acetyl-7-methoxycoumarin Schiff base-derived ruthenium (II) complexes in therapeutic applications, meriting further exploration into their mechanistic pathways and in vivo efficacy.
Keywords
3-Acetyl-7-Methoxycoumarin, Schiff Bases, Ruthenium (II) Complexes, DNA Binding, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Activity, Selective Anticancer Agents
Citations
IRE Journals:
Dr. N. Y. Badannavar
"An Investigation on 3-Acetyl-7-Methoxy-Coumarin Schiff Bases and Their Cyclometallated Ruthenium (II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Studies" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 3 Issue 4 2019 Page 254-263
IEEE:
Dr. N. Y. Badannavar
"An Investigation on 3-Acetyl-7-Methoxy-Coumarin Schiff Bases and Their Cyclometallated Ruthenium (II) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Studies" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 3(4)
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