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Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala

Dr. V. Suresh

Subject area: Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities  ·  Area of research: English

Abstract

Girish Karnad's play Naga-Mandala is consciously anchored in the ancient theory and tradition of Indian theatre. The play thus reflects Karnad's respect for the technical elements of theatrical art and also for the Indian tradition of storytelling, even though he innovates and experiments by sharing twentieth century views. In Naga-Mandala, the author brings his drama into line with the changes occurring in Indian society and mentality. This article analyzes his technique of using different narrative levels and shows how in Naga-Mandala the superimposed stories lead to an exemplification of his vision of theatre as a unifying, total experience. It is shown how the overall structure of the interrelated stories and plots, the triangular relationships, and the triple ending can be visualized graphically as a mandala. The article ends by focusing on and discussing the three endings of the play, which have been the cause of surprise and controversy. It concludes that, though the last ending is not within ttie orthodoxy of Indian epic texts, the play must be studied and interpreted not only by keeping elements of Hindu philosophy as points of reference, but also by taking into account the cultural context of the Indian woman of today who seeks to fulfil her needs and aspirations.

References

[1] Babu. Manchi Sarat 1997: Indian Drama Today: A Study in the Theme of Cultural Deformity.New Delhi: Prestige Books.

[2] Chandar, K.M. 1999: "Mythifying a Folktale: Girish Karnad's Nagamandala Journal of Indian Folkloristics 1.1: 75-80.

[3] Cirlot, .I.E. 1962: A Dictionary of Symbols. New York: Philosophical Library; Routledge & Kegan Paul.

[4] Dass, Veena Noble 1990: "Experiment and Innovation in Modern Indian Drama in Translation: The Plays of Mohan Rakesh, Badal Sircar, Vijay Tendulkar and Girish Karnad". Studies in Contemporary Indian Drama. Eds. Sudhakar Pandey and Freya Taraporewala. New Delhi: Prestige Books. 64-74.

[5] Dhanavel. P. 2000: The Indian Imagination of Girish Karnad: Essays on Hayavadana. New Delhi: Prestige Books.

[6] Dharwadker. Aparna Bhargava 2005: "Introduction". Collected Plays: Tughlaq, Havavadana, Bali: The Sacrifice, Naga- Mandala (Play with a Cobra). Vol One. By Girish Karnad. Oxford: Oxford UP. vii-xxxvi.

[7] Garcia Lorca. Federico 1982 (1960): "The Authority of the Theatre". Playwrights on Playwrights. Ed. Toby Cole. New York: Hill and Wang. 58-61.

[8] Karnad, Girish 1995: "Performance. Meaning, and the Materials of Modern Indian Theatre". Interview by Aparna Dharwadker. New Theatre Quarterly 11.44: 335-370.

[9] 1999: Three Plays: Ndga -Mandala, Hayavadana, Tughlaq. Oxford: Oxford UP.

[10] 2005: Collected Plays: Tughlaq, Hayavadana, Bali: The Sacrifice, Ndga-Mandala (Play with a Cobra). Vol. One. Oxford: Oxford UP.

[11] Mendoca. Alex 2003: "Circle of Reason". A Supplement of Sunday Times of India 263 (January): 4.

[12] Mookerjee, Ajit 2001: Kundalini: The Arousal of the Inner Energy. London: Thames & Hudson.

[13] Ramanujan. A.K. 1989: "Telling Tales". Daedalus (Fall): 239-261.

[14] Raykar, Shubhangi S. 1990: "The Development of Girish Karnad as a Dramatist: Hayavadana". Studies in Contemporary Indian Drama. Eds. Sudhakar Pandey and Freya Taraporewala. New Delhi: Prestige Books. 46-63.

[15] Sahi, Jyoti 1980: The Child and the Serpent: Reflections on Popular Indian Symbols. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

How to cite this paper

Dr. V. Suresh "Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 2 Issue 11 2019 Page 347-353
Dr. V. Suresh "Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 2, no. 11, May. 2019
Dr. V. Suresh (2019). Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala. Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 2(11).
Dr. V. Suresh "Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 2, no. 11, May. 2019.
@article{1702627,
      author = {Dr. V. Suresh},
      title = {Women as Used in Mythical Structure in Girish Karnad?s Naga Mandala},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2019},
      volume = {2},
      number = {11},
      pages = {347-353},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1702627.pdf},
      abstract = {Girish Karnad's play Naga-Mandala is consciously anchored in the ancient theory and tradition of Indian theatre. The play thus reflects Karnad's respect for the technical elements of theatrical art and also for the Indian tradition of storytelling, even though he innovates and experiments by sharing twentieth century views. In Naga-Mandala, the author brings his drama into line with the changes occurring in Indian society and mentality. This article analyzes his technique of using different narrative levels and shows how in Naga-Mandala the superimposed stories lead to an exemplification of his vision of theatre as a unifying, total experience. It is shown how the overall structure of the interrelated stories and plots, the triangular relationships, and the triple ending can be visualized graphically as a mandala. The article ends by focusing on and discussing the three endings of the play, which have been the cause of surprise and controversy. It concludes that, though the last ending is not within ttie orthodoxy of Indian epic texts, the play must be studied and interpreted not only by keeping elements of Hindu philosophy as points of reference, but also by taking into account the cultural context of the Indian woman of today who seeks to fulfil her needs and aspirations.},
      month = {May},
  }