Home / Current Issue / Paper 1703104
Panoramic Relationship Between Ethnic Violence and Politics in Kenya
Subject area: Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities · Area of research: History
Abstract
The relationship between ethnic violence and politics is explicit and inescapable in Kenya. Historically the formation of political parties in nineteen thirteen were ethnically founded. Various political parties presented their grievances as a community, not only that but also the leadership was ethnically organized. Therefore the trajectory of early political party is what is being carried own by politician but taking a more complex and dynamics of ethnic violence and politics in Kenya. During campaign and electioneering period politicians have been involved in incitements of communities against each other especially in Rift valley and Kisumu. The study sought to unravel the relationship between ethnic violence and politics in Kenya. The study employed instrumentalism theory of ethnicity which emphasizes that elites and politicians have weaponised or devised ethnicity so as to materially gain from the society. Descriptive research design was used which provided a vivid description of experience of ethnic violence. The effect of ethnic violence is thorn in the flesh of the inhabitants of hot spot areas such as Kisumu and Rift valley. Therefore the government should put in place policies that emphasizes unity and ethnic tolerance. It should further set policies and modus operendis of mitigating ethnic violence. The government should set stringent measures for, Politicians involved in incitement of communities against each other should charge.
Keywords
Instrumentalism, Ethnicity, Violence, Politics, Ethnic Violence
References
[1] Adelaja, A., Labo, A., & Penar, E. (2018). Public Opinion on the Root Causes of Terrorism and Objectives of Terrorists: A Boko Haram Case Study. Perspectives on Terrorism, 12(3), 35-49. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/26453134.
[2] Agbiboa, D. (2013). Why Boko Haram Exists: The Relative Deprivation Perspective. African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review, 3(1), 144-157. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.3.1.144.
[3] Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Comolli, V. (2017). The evolution and impact of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad Basin. Humanitarian Practise Network. https://odihpn.org/magazine/the-evolution-and-impact-of-boko-haram-in-the-lake-chad-basin/.
[5] Dejene, Aredo.(2001). Conflict in the Horn Prevention and Resolution. Addis Ababa: National Workshop on OSSREA Ethiopia Chapter,2001, P 10
[6] Dorina Bekoe. Trends in Electoral Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. United Nation Institute of Peace 2010, WWW.Usip.Org.?Pbizeelectrol %20 violence, March 10,2010, p.1 (accessed on 14th march, 2015)
[7] Etefa T. (2019) Ethnicity as a Tool: The Root Causes of Ethnic Conflict in Africa—A Critical Introduction. In: The Origins of Ethnic Conflict in Africa. African Histories and Modernities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
[8] Hagan, J., & Rymond-Richmond, W. (2009). Darfur and the crime of genocide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[9] Halefom, A. (2017). Genocide in Rwanda. Conflict Analysis of the Civil War. GRIN Verlag, 2018.
[10] Human Rights Watch. (2019). https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/07/19/these-killings-can-be-stopped/abuses-government-and-separatist-groups-cameroons.
[11] Institute of Economics and Peace, “Global Terrorism Index, 2015,” 22.
[12] Lowery, Z., & Levy, J. (2016). The Darfur Genocide. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2016.
[13] Mwamvuneza, W. M. (2018). “The Contribution of Girinka Reconciliation Approach on Sustainable Peace in Kamonyi District of Rwanda.” International Journal of Academics & Research, Vol. 1, Issue 2 Nov.’18 – Jan. 2019, IJARKE ISSN: 2617-703XDOI: 10.32898/ihssj.02/1.2article02.
[14] Nyaba, P. A. (2016). South Sudan: The crisis of infancy. Juba, South Sudan: Rafiki for Trading & Investment, 2016.
[15] Nyawalo, P. A. D. (2011). The invisible violence in Kenya: A case study of Rift Valley and Western regions.
[16] OHCHR Kenya Report.Report on Post-election in Kenya-UN Human rights team. http://blog.shahidi.com/2008/03/20/report-on-post-election-violence-in Kenya-un-human-rights-team/#sthash. zmJu3bdz.dpuf(accessed on September 7,2016)
[17] Paul williams. (2011). Horn of Africa: Webs of Conflict and Pathway to Peace. (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson international Center for scholars, 2011)
[18] Pedneault, J., Sheppard, B., & Human Rights Watch (Organization). (2018). "These killings can be stopped": Abuses by government and separatist groups in Cameroon's Anglophone regions. New York, 2018.
[19] Gisesa, N. (30th May 2019). https://mobile.nation.co.ke/news/Former-witness-speaks-out-on-Kiambaa-church-horror/1950946-5137138-vtx7tiz/index.html
[20] Kenya National Commission on Human Rights. (2017). “A Human Rights Monitoring Report on the 2017 Repeat Presidential Elections.” http://www.knchr.org/Portals/0/CivilAndPoliticalReports/A%20HUMAN%20RIGHTS%20MONITORING%20REPORT%20ON%20THE%202017%20REPEAT%20PRESIDENTIAL%20ELECTIONS.pdf?ver=2017-12-20-084352-583.
[21] Kershaw Ian. War and Political Violence in Twentieth Century-Europe. Www.Stategov? Documents.Orgazation 199085.Pdf (accessed 11,7, 2015).
[22] Kisuke Ndiku,Conflict in Kenya. http://www.transconflict.com/gcct/gcct-members/africa/eastern-africa/kenya/active-non-violence-initiatives-Kenya/ on 16th/6/2015.
[23] Holmquist, F., & Githinji, M. W. (2009). Default Politics of Ethnicity in Kenya, The. Brown J. World Aff., 16, 101.
[24] Lang'at, P. (13th November, 2017). “MP Peter Kaluma drafts Bill for secession of 40 counties.” Daily Nation Kenya https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/Peter-Kaluma-secession-40-counties/1064-4185586-13tcbf3z/index.html
[25] WHO. Global Status Report on Violence Prevention, Luxembourg, (www.sytemic peace.org/../global report 2014.pdf (accessed 10th 9, 2016)
[26] WHO.World Report on Violence and Health: Summary, Geneva. 2002 www.who.int/iris,bitstream/10665../977019.pdf (accessed 11,7. 2015)
How to cite this paper
@article{1703104,
author = {Precious Joan Wapukha, Margaret Nanjala Matisi},
title = {Panoramic Relationship Between Ethnic Violence and Politics in Kenya},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2022},
volume = {5},
number = {7},
pages = {76-83},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/17031042.pdf},
abstract = {The relationship between ethnic violence and politics is explicit and inescapable in Kenya. Historically the formation of political parties in nineteen thirteen were ethnically founded. Various political parties presented their grievances as a community, not only that but also the leadership was ethnically organized. Therefore the trajectory of early political party is what is being carried own by politician but taking a more complex and dynamics of ethnic violence and politics in Kenya. During campaign and electioneering period politicians have been involved in incitements of communities against each other especially in Rift valley and Kisumu. The study sought to unravel the relationship between ethnic violence and politics in Kenya. The study employed instrumentalism theory of ethnicity which emphasizes that elites and politicians have weaponised or devised ethnicity so as to materially gain from the society. Descriptive research design was used which provided a vivid description of experience of ethnic violence. The effect of ethnic violence is thorn in the flesh of the inhabitants of hot spot areas such as Kisumu and Rift valley. Therefore the government should put in place policies that emphasizes unity and ethnic tolerance. It should further set policies and modus operendis of mitigating ethnic violence. The government should set stringent measures for, Politicians involved in incitement of communities against each other should charge.},
keywords = {Instrumentalism, Ethnicity, Violence, Politics, Ethnic Violence},
month = {January},
}