Historicization of intra-ethnic conflict among the Sabaot Community of Mt. Elgon Kenya

References

[1] Ahmed, F. (1999). Ethnicity and politics in Pakistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.

[2] Akiwumi, A., (1999). Report of the Judicial Commission Appointed to Inquire into           Tribal   Clashes in Kenya Nairobi. Government Printer.

[3] Arap-Kisembe, B. B. C. (1978). The Role of ‘Worgondet and Kirwagindet. the History of the Sabaot People of Mount Elgon during the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’ BA Dissertation. University of Nairobi.

[4] Banac L. (1992). Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe: Yugoslavia. CODESRIA Bulletin. Dakar.

[5] Caser, K. (2007). The Design of the Built Environment and Social Capital. Sustainability and Communities of Place, 5, 201

[6] Dualeh, H.A., (1994). From Barre to Aideed. Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau.

[7] Fisherman, J.A., (1977).Languages and Ethnicity. In “ed. Giles. H. Language Ethnicity      and International Relations”. Academic press Inc. London

[8] Hosbawn, E.,& Ranger, T., (1983). The Invention of Traditional. Cambridge University     Press. Cambridge.

[9] Ihonvbere, J.O., (1994).“Beyond Warlords and clans: The African Crisis and the Somali   Situation”. International Third World Studies Journal and Review, Vol 6

[10] Kakai P. (2000). “History of Inter-ethnic Relation in Bungoma, Mt Elgon and Trans         Nzoia   district 1875-1997 History.”Kenyatta University. PhD Thesis

[11] Kennedy Agade Mkutu. 2008. Guns and Governance in the Rift Valley: Pastoralist Conflict and Small Arms." African Studies Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, summer 2012, p. 102.

[12] Kiliku, J.K., (1992). Report On The Parliamentary Select Committee To Investigate          Ethnic Clashes in Western and Other Parts of   Kenya. Government Press       Nairobi.

[13] KNA/PC/NZA/3/7/2/2 1912 - 1923 - Report on Eastern Boundary, N8rth Kavirondo Reserve

[14] Kurspahić, K. (1994). Bosnia’s Beacon of Hope. Journal of Democracy, 5(1), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1994.0014

[15] Lynch, G., (2011). “The Wars of Who Belongs Where: The Unstable Politics of              Autochthony on Kenya’s Mt. Elgon.” Ethno politics, Vol. 10, issues 3-       4,2011,pp.391-410.

[16] Lynch, G., “Negotiating Ethnicity: Identity Politics in Contemporary Kenya”.Review of    African Political Economy, vol 33, No.107(49-65)

[17] Mazrui, A.A.,(1969a).Violence and Thought. Longman. London. (1969 a). The         Imperial Fragmentation: The Legacy of Ethnic and Racial Conflict. Colorado   University of Denver. Denver

[18] Mazrui A.A.,& Tidy, M., (1984). Nationalism and New states. Heinemann. Nairobi.

[19] Medard, C.,(2010). Indigenous Land Claims in Kenya: A case Study of Chepyuk, Mt. Elgon   District ,In Ansseeuw,Ward and Alden, Chris (eds.) (2010),The Struggle            Over Land in Africa: Conflicts, Politics, and Change. Cape Town: Human            Science Research Council.

[20] Mkutu, K. (2008). Disarmament in Karamoja, Northern Uganda: Is this a solution for localised violent inter and intra-communal conflict?. The Round Table, 97(394), 99-120.

[21] Nasongo, S.W. & Murunga, G.P., (2007). Kenya: The Struggle for Democracy. Zed Books Ltd London.

[22] Oyugi Walter. ""Ethnic Politics in Kenya," in Okwudiba Nnoli, (ed.), Ethnic Conflict in Africa, CODESRIA Book Series pp. 287-309.". In: Walter B. Stohr, J.S. Edralin and Medyani Mani, (eds.), Decentralisation, Governance, and New Planning for Local Level Development (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group). IPPNW; 1998.

[23] Rodney, W., (1989). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Dar-salaam Publishing House.

[24] Ryanga H., (2013). “Women and Conflict in Mt Elgon: Assessing Rape as a Weapon in    Armed Conflict.”A Master’s Thesis.

[25] Schraender, P.J. (1993). “US Intervention in the Horn of Africa amidst the End of the       Cold War in Africa Today”. The Horn of Africa Vol.40 No 2.2 Quarter.   Washington.

[26] Simiyu, R., (2008). Militarization of Resources Conflicts: The Case of Land Based           Conflict in the Mount Elgon Region of Western Kenya. Institute for Security         Studies. Netherlands.

[27] Suberu, R. T., (1993). The Travails of Fedaralism in Nigeria in Journal of Democracy.      Washington: John Hopkins University Press.

[28] Terence R. (1993) The Invention of Tradition Revisited: The Case of Colonial Africa. In: Ranger T., Vaughan O. (eds) Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa. St Antony’s/Macmillan Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12342-1_3

[29] Were, G. S. (1967). A history of the Abaluhya of Western Kenya: 1500-1980. Nairobi. Kenya: East Africa publishing house: Report: Government of Kenya.

[30] Wolfe J.J., (1969). Bukusu Tales: Collected Around 1936 by Research Assistants of Dr. Gunter.

@article{1703155,
      author = {Precious Joan Wapukha},
      title = {Historicization of intra-ethnic conflict among the Sabaot Community of Mt. Elgon Kenya },
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2022},
      volume = {5},
      number = {7},
      pages = {303-311},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1703155.pdf},
      abstract = {Intra-ethnic conflict among the Sabaot of Mt. Elgon has been a recurrent issue since colonial period. Colonial land ordinance of 1915 led to the evacuation of the Sabaot from Chepkitale to Mt. Elgon area. The two clans that are identified by their regions of settlement that is the Mossop the upper side while Soy on the lower side of the Mountain. The evacuation and resettlement of the Mosop clan from the upper side to the Chepyuk I, II, III, is point of contention and has sparked conflict that has emerged from allegation of corruption and biasness of land allocation and distribution. This study sought to historicize clan conflict among the Sabaot. This study was theorized by constructivists, which stipulates that colonial authorities influenced patterns of ethnic identity creation in African society. The study employed a historical research design that sought to unravel major issues concerning the trends of intra-ethnic conflict among the Sabaot. The designs provided a deeper insight into the various dimensions of intra-ethnic conflicts among the Sabaot regarding historical trends. This conflicts has been experienced since colonial period until the post-colonial period. The conflict in the area is propelled by factors such as boundary disputes, governance as well as negative ethnicity escalated the volatile situations in the county. This study recommends that conflict can be resolved by critically analyzing and unraveling the interlude between conflict and historical trajectory of the Sabaot. The stakeholders should not focus on the superficial unfoldment of conflict instead they unravel dippers issues that have affected the community over the years},
      keywords = {Intra-ethnic Conflict, Colonial Period, Historical Trends},
      month = {January},
  }