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Evaluation of Powdered Golden Apple Snail Shells as a Stabilizing Agent to Sandy Clay Loam Soils
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Civil Engineering
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate Golden Apple Snail (GAS) shells as an alternative source of stabilizing agent for sandy clay loam soils. However, testing revealed that the acquired soil had a higher plasticity index, indicating that it contains a high percentage of clay. This type of soil can be classified as an A?7?6 type clayey soil according to the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification. Highly plastic soil tends to be expansive when saturated and shrinks when dry which can lead to the destruction of pavement structures. These conditions can be enhanced to varying degrees depending on the type and amount of stabilizing agent used, the type of soil, and the curing conditions, including temperature and time. The Golden Apple Snail (PomaceaCanaliculata), also known as "Golden Kuhol" in many parts of the Philippines, continuously poses a threat to the livelihood of the farmers where it is considered as a pest due to its rapid growth, high reproduction rate, and great adaptability to a broad range of environments. The material, GAS shells, is found to mostly contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which, in the process of calcination, is projected to have approximately 90% calcium oxide (CaO), or quicklime. This paper described the effects of calcined GAS shells to the collected clay soil as a stabilizer. The soil was thoroughly mixed with varying proportions that was 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of CaO and tested for the Atterberg Limit test, the Standard Proctor test, and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The Atterberg Limit test showed an improvement with the decrease of Plasticity Index of the soil when calcined shells are introduced. The Standard Proctor test was used to determine the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of each soil-GAS shell mixture. The MDD was increased from 1515 kg/m3 to 1584 kg/m3 at 20% calcined shells. The CBR tests were carried out using the specific OMC from each percentage of calcined GAS Shells. Following that, the effects of the calcined GAS shell content on CBR and swelling potential were assessed. The results showed that mixing the stabilizer into the soil increased the CBR values from 3% to 7% while increasing the soil's swelling potential from 2.90% to 5.21%.
Keywords
Golden Apple Snail, Soil Stabilizer
References
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How to cite this paper
@article{1704729,
author = {Francine Z. Miranda, Francez Rica C. Herrera, Roel V. Maniago; Andrel D. Pineda, Jayson B. Ramos; Alynna Mhay S. Simon, Miriam B. Villanueva; John Vincent G. Tongol},
title = {Evaluation of Powdered Golden Apple Snail Shells as a Stabilizing Agent to Sandy Clay Loam Soils},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2023},
volume = {6},
number = {12},
pages = {797-803},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1704729.pdf},
abstract = {The purpose of this research is to evaluate Golden Apple Snail (GAS) shells as an alternative source of stabilizing agent for sandy clay loam soils. However, testing revealed that the acquired soil had a higher plasticity index, indicating that it contains a high percentage of clay. This type of soil can be classified as an A?7?6 type clayey soil according to the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification. Highly plastic soil tends to be expansive when saturated and shrinks when dry which can lead to the destruction of pavement structures. These conditions can be enhanced to varying degrees depending on the type and amount of stabilizing agent used, the type of soil, and the curing conditions, including temperature and time. The Golden Apple Snail (PomaceaCanaliculata), also known as "Golden Kuhol" in many parts of the Philippines, continuously poses a threat to the livelihood of the farmers where it is considered as a pest due to its rapid growth, high reproduction rate, and great adaptability to a broad range of environments. The material, GAS shells, is found to mostly contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which, in the process of calcination, is projected to have approximately 90% calcium oxide (CaO), or quicklime. This paper described the effects of calcined GAS shells to the collected clay soil as a stabilizer. The soil was thoroughly mixed with varying proportions that was 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of CaO and tested for the Atterberg Limit test, the Standard Proctor test, and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The Atterberg Limit test showed an improvement with the decrease of Plasticity Index of the soil when calcined shells are introduced. The Standard Proctor test was used to determine the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) of each soil-GAS shell mixture. The MDD was increased from 1515 kg/m3 to 1584 kg/m3 at 20% calcined shells. The CBR tests were carried out using the specific OMC from each percentage of calcined GAS Shells. Following that, the effects of the calcined GAS shell content on CBR and swelling potential were assessed. The results showed that mixing the stabilizer into the soil increased the CBR values from 3% to 7% while increasing the soil's swelling potential from 2.90% to 5.21%.},
keywords = {Golden Apple Snail, Soil Stabilizer},
month = {June},
}