Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of Christ Thorn Jujube Seeds (Ziziphus Spina Christi) Bioethanol-Gasoline Blends

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@article{1705078,
      author = {Ibrahim Saidu Sintali, Shuaibu Saidu, F. D. Makwin, N. Aliyu , L. W. Isaac},
      title = {Analysis of Physico-Chemical Properties of Christ Thorn Jujube Seeds (Ziziphus Spina Christi) Bioethanol-Gasoline Blends},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2023},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {430-437},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1705078.pdf},
      abstract = {Establishing sustainable and possible renewable fuel substitutes for gasoline has become necessary, most especially with the recent fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria which has significantly affected the economy and increases the cost of living. In line with this, production of bioethanol from Christ thorn jujube seeds was carried out successfully with average percentage yield of 52%. The produced bioethanol was blended in gasoline and investigation into the physicochemical properties of the bioethanol and the blends were carried out. From the results obtained the density and the specific gravity of the bioethanol were 777.2kg/m3 and 0.7772 and the blends increases as the percentage of the bioethanol increased and range between 752.4 ? 760.8 kg/m3 and 0.7524 ? 0.7608 respectively. The kinematic viscosity of the bioethanol produced was 1.64cSt and the blends also increases as the percentage of the bioethanol increases in the gasoline and range between 0.79 ? 0.93cSt. The flash points, the pour points and the cloud points all increases with increased in the bioethanol content in the blends and they were all within the acceptable range. The heating value of the gasoline upon blending with the bioethanol decreases though, with an advantage of increasing the oxygen content of the blends which may improve the combustion process. The heating value of the gasoline decreases from 44.40 - 44.21MJ/kg upon blending with 5% bioethanol (sample B5). The boiling point (78.5oC) of the bioethanol obtained was within the acceptable storage and handling range of 78oC. The PH value of sample B20 was lower than the acceptable value, thus it cannot be use as fuel for spark ignition engine. The physicochemical properties of the bioethanol produced from Christ thorn jujube seeds suggest possibility of running an engine test for performance and emission level evaluations to ascertain it usage as a blend.},
      keywords = {Physicochemical properties, Christ thorn jujube seeds, Bioethanol, Gasoline, Density, Flash point, Cloud Point and Calorific value.},
      month = {September},
  }