Optimization of Underground Mine Communication with Millimetre-Wave Massive MU-MIMO

References

[1] J. Lo¨o¨w, L. Abrahamsson, and J. Johansson, “Mining 4.0—The impact of new technology from a work place perspective,” Mining, Metall. Ex- ploration, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 701–707, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42461-019-00104-9.

[2] S. M. Riurean, M. Leba, and A. C. Ionica, “Conventional and advanced technologies for wireless transmission in underground mines,” in Appli- cation of Visible Light Wireless Communication in Underground Mine. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021, pp. 41–125.

[3] M. Jadoul. (2021). Here is Why Mining is Digging Into 5G. [Blog] NOKIA. [Online]. Available: https://www.nokia.com/blog/here- is-whymining-is-digging-into-5g/

[4] M. Ghaddar, I. Ben Mabrouk, M. Nedil, K. Hettak, and L. Talbi, “Deterministic modeling of 5G millimeter-wave communication in an underground mine tunnel,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 116519–116528, 2019.

[5] O. Kolade and L. Cheng, “Markov model characterization of a multi- carrier narrowband powerline channel with memory in an underground mining environment,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 59085–59092, 2021.

[6] R. Flamini et al., “Toward a heterogeneous smart electromagnetic environment for millimeter-wave communications: An industrial view- point,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 10, pp. 8898–8910, Oct. 2022.

[7] T. S. Rappaport, G. R. MacCartney, M. K. Samimi, and S. Sun, “Wideband millimeter wave propagation measurements and channel models for future wireless communication system design,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 3029–3056, Sep. 2015.

[8] R. Maccartney, T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, and S. Deng, “Indoor office wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements and channel models at 28 and 73 GHz for ultra dense 5G wireless networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 2388–2424, 2015.

[9] J.-Y. Lee, J.-H. Lee, and S.-C. Kim, “Improving the accuracy of millimeter-wave ray tracing simulations by modeling roadside trees,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 162–166, Jan. 2019.

[10] X. Gao, O. Edfors, F. Rusek, and F. Tufvesson, “Massive MIMO performance evaluation based on measured propagation data,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3899–3911, Jul. 2015.

[11] S. Mumtaz, J. Rodriguez, and L. Dai, “mmWave Massive MIMO: A Paradigm for 5G. New York, NY, USA: Academic, 2016.

[12] J. Huang, C.-X. Wang, R. Feng, J. Sun, W. Zhang, and Y. Yang, “Multi-frequency mmWave massive MIMO channel measurements and characterization for 5G wireless communication systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1591–1605, Jul. 2017.

[13] M. Shafi et al., “5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1201–1221, Jun. 2017.

[14] S. A. M. Tariq, C. L. Despins, S. Affes, and C. Nerguizian, “Angular dispersion of a scattered underground wireless channel at 60 GHz,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 67572–67580, 2020.

[15] Wang, W. Ji, G. Zheng, and A. Saleem, “Analysis of propagation characteristics for various subway tunnel scenarios at 28 GHz,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., vol. 2021, pp. 1–16, Sep. 2021.

[16] Rusek, D. H. T. Nguyen, B. M. Sadler, and L. E. Frenger, “Scaling up MIMO: The power of massive MIMO,” IEEE Signal Processing Mag., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 40–60, Jan. 2013.

[17] Goldsmith, “Wireless Communications,” Cambridge University Press, 2005.

[18] A. Alkhateeb, J. Mo, N. Gonzalez-Prelcic, and R. W. Heath Jr., “Channel estimation and hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 5–18, Oct. 2014.

@article{1708789,
      author = {M. Navya Sree, C. Shivani, B. Laxmi Priya, L. V. R. Chaitanya Prasad},
      title = {Optimization of Underground Mine Communication with Millimetre-Wave Massive MU-MIMO},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {11},
      pages = {1952-1956},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1708789.pdf},
      abstract = {This paper investigates the performance of a large multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication system deployed in an underground mining environment. The study is based on empirical channel measurements conducted at 28 GHz using a base station equipped with 256 virtual antenna elements. Key channel parameters such as path loss, RMS delay spread, coherence bandwidth, and sum-rate capacity are analyzed. Results show that a multislope path loss model offers better accuracy than traditional models. The findings demonstrate the potential of massive MIMO in harsh underground environments for 5G and beyond.},
      keywords = {MU-MIMO, mmWave, underground mine, channel capacity, path loss, delay spread},
      month = {May},
  }