New Frontiers in Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Advancements in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic Synthesis

• Author(s): Dr. K. S. Lamani
• Paper ID: 1703250
• Page: 774-781
• Published Date: 31-03-2022
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 5 Issue 9 March-2022

Abstract

Transition metal-catalyzed reactions have played a vital role in organic synthesis and enabled the rapid and selective construction of complex molecular architectures in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, advanced materials, etc. The recent studies on their mechanisms including oxidative addition, Transmetalation and reductive elimination clarify some critical steps in cross-coupling processes to give more insights into reaction pathways for developing more efficient and sustainable synthetic methodologies. The theoretical underpinning we have selected to study transition metal-catalyzed processes allows us to address the mechanistic aspects associated with C–H bond activation, acquisition of enantioselectivity due to noncovalent interactions in catalysis and design of novel catalytic systems that enhance efficiency as well as selectivity. Computational methods, especially Density Functional Theory (DFT), have played a crucial role in predicting reaction mechanisms and catalyst design optimization. The study of concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) pathways in C–H activation reactions allow the researchers to explain how high-valent transition metals help form bonds along a single transition state, circumventing the need for simultaneous bond-making and bond-breaking to increase reaction rates by reducing energy bumps. Moreover, the rational use of non-covalent interactions in the design of ligands (H-bonds and ?–? stacking) has enabled creation of catalysts to yield remarkable enantioselectivity levels without precedent, opening new avenues for asymmetric synthesis of chiral molecules. In addition, studies on the late 3d transition metals nickel and iron have revealed new reactivity modes such as facile reductive elimination or selective C–C bond forming reactions that are important for diversifying homogeneous catalysis and reducing dependency on precious metals. n These changes illustrate the evolution of transition metal catalysis and its pivotal place in new developments in organic synthesis. Overall, this paper collects and collates recent mechanistic discoveries of transition metal-catalysed reactions showing the synergy between predictive modelling and application-based experimentation to improve upon the design of highly efficient, selective processes within an environmentally sustainable scenario.

Keywords

Transition Metal Catalysis, Mechanistic Insights, C–H Activation, Noncovalent Interactions, Enantioselectivity, Catalyst Design

Citations

IRE Journals:
Dr. K. S. Lamani "New Frontiers in Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Advancements in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic Synthesis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 774-781

IEEE:
Dr. K. S. Lamani "New Frontiers in Catalysis: Mechanistic Insights and Advancements in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic Synthesis" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 5(9)