A Conceptual Framework for Training Community Health Workers Through Virtual Public Health Education Modules

References

[1] Abisoye, A., & Olamijuwon, J. I. (2022). A Practical Framework for Advancing Cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence and Technological Ecosystems to Support Regional Economic Development and Innovation.

[2] Adegoke, S. A., Oladimeji, O. I., Akinlosotu, M. A., Akinwumi, A. I., & Matthew, K. A. (2022). HemoTypeSC point-of-care testing shows high sensitivity with alkaline cellulose acetate hemoglobin electrophoresis for screening hemoglobin SS and SC genotypes. Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy, 44(3), 341-345.

[3] Adelodun, A. M., Adekanmi, A. J., Roberts, A., & Adeyinka, A. O. (2018). Effect of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia on the uterine and umbilical artery blood flow impedance in thirdtrimester singleton Southwestern Nigerian pregnant women. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 35(3), 333-341.

[4] Afrasiabi, F., Aeen, F., & Jahromi, M. (2022). Applying the health belief model in identifying individual understanding towards prevention of type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Public Health Science (Ijphs), 11(4), 1267. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21908

[5] Afshari, M., Gholamaliee, B., Kangavari, M., Partoi, N., Afshari, M., & Nazari, M. (2021). Examining the effect of the training program by using the health belief model in performing self-care behaviors of rural patients having high blood pressure. Community Health Equity Research & Policy, 43(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684x211004951

[6] Agu, A., Umeokonkwo, C., Eze, N., Akpa, C., Nnabu, R., Akamike, I., … & Uneke, C. (2021). Knowledge of malaria control and attitudes towards community involvement among female community volunteers: effect of capacity building in a rural community, southeast nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal, 39. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.39.151.25685

[7] Akwaowo, C., Umoh, I., Motilewa, O., Umoh, V., Usoroh, E., Adeboye, S., … & Antia, E. (2022). Effect of training of frontline health workers on tuberculosis: a cluster randomized control trial in south nigeria. F1000research, 10, 837. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.53862.2

[8] Ali, F., Bennett, G., Paulraj, S., Paswan, S., Narayan, V., & Wills, A. (2021). Evaluating a mobile-based short virtual course on family planning for frontline health workers in india. Journal of Global Health Reports, 5. https://doi.org/10.29392/001c.24166

[9] Attah, J. O., Mbakuuv, S. H., Ayange, C. D., Achive, G. W., Onoja, V. S., Kaya, P. B., ... & Adekalu, O. A. (2022). Comparative Recovery of Cellulose Pulp from Selected Agricultural Wastes in Nigeria to Mitigate Deforestation for Paper. European Journal of Material Science, 10(1), 23-36.

[10] Chianumba, E. C., Ikhalea, N., Mustapha, A. Y., & Forkuo, A. Y. (2022). Developing a framework for using AI in personalized medicine to optimize treatment plans. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJFMR.2022.3.1.57-71

[11] Chianumba, E. C., Ikhalea, N., Mustapha, A. Y., Forkuo, A. Y., & Osamika, D. (2022). Integrating AI, blockchain, and big data to strengthen healthcare data security, privacy, and patient outcomes. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJFMR.2022.3.1.124-129

[12] Chianumba, E. C., Ikhalea, N., Mustapha, A. Y., Forkuo, A. Y., & Osamika, D. (2022). Developing a predictive model for healthcare compliance, risk management, and fraud detection using data analytics. International Journal of Social Science Exceptional Research, 1(1), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.54660/IJSSER.2022.1.1.232-238

[13] Chianumba, E. C., Ikhalea, N., Mustapha, A. Y., Forkuo, A. Y., & Osamika, D. (2021). A conceptual framework for leveraging big data and AI in enhancing healthcare delivery and public health policy. IRE Journals, 5(6), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMOR.2023.2.1.281-287

[14] Chukwuma, C. C., Nwobodo, E. O., Eyeghre, O. A., Obianyo, C. M., Chukwuma, C. G., Tobechukwu, U. F., & Nwobodo, N. (2022): Evaluation of Noise Pollution on Audio-Acuity Among Sawmill Workers In Nnewi Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria. changes, 6, 8.

[15] Couper, I., Ray, S., Blaauw, D., Ngwena, G., Muchiri, L., Oyungu, E., … & Fonn, S. (2018). Curriculum and training needs of mid-level health workers in africa: a situational review from kenya, nigeria, south africa and uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3362-9

[16] Doherty, M., Lynch‐Godrei, A., Azad, T., Ladha, F., Ferdous, L., Ara, R., … & Groninger, H. (2022). Using virtual learning to develop palliative care skills among humanitarian health workers in the rohingya refugee response in bangladesh. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205221096099

[17] Doherty, M., Modanloo, S., Evans, E., Rowe, J., Newhook, D., Palat, G., … & Archibald, D. (2021). Exploring health professionals’ experiences with a virtual learning and mentoring program (project echo) on pediatric palliative care in south asia. Global Pediatric Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794x211043061

[18] Doherty, M., Rayala, S., Evans, E., Rowe, J., Rapelli, V., & Palat, G. (2021). Using virtual learning to build pediatric palliative care capacity in south asia: experiences of implementing a teleteaching and mentorship program (project echo). Jco Global Oncology, (7), 210-222. https://doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00481

[19] Dua, A., Bolster, M., Gensler, L., Kolfenbach, J., Mamut, M., Seo, P., … & Jonas, B. (2022). Virtually speaking: the impact of a nationwide synchronous and asynchronous learning forum. Arthritis Care & Research, 75(7), 1563-1570. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.24972

[20] Elujide, I., Fashoto, S. G., Fashoto, B., Mbunge, E., Folorunso, S. O., & Olamijuwon, J. O. (2021). Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.

[21] Elujide, I., Fashoto, S. G., Fashoto, B., Mbunge, E., Folorunso, S. O., & Olamijuwon, J. O. (2021). Application of deep and machine learning techniques for multi-label classification performance on psychotic disorder diseases. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 23, 100545.

[22] Elzainy, A., Sadik, A., & Abdulmonem, W. (2020). Experience of e-learning and online assessment during the covid-19 pandemic at the college of medicine, qassim university. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(6), 456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.09.005

[23] Finn, M., Gilmore, B., Sheaf, G., & Vallières, F. (2021). What do we mean by individual capacity strengthening for primary health care in low- and middle-income countries? a systematic scoping review to improve conceptual clarity. Human Resources for Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00547-y

[24] Gabrielli, M. G., Tomassoni, D., Accili, D., Nwankwo, I. E., & Panarello, S. (2010). Sialoglycoconjugate expression in the intestinal mucosa of obese Zucker rats. IJAE: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology: 115, 1/2 Supplement, 2010, 73-73.

[25] Gabrielli, M. G., Tomassoni, D., Panarello, S., Nwankwo, I. E., Acoli, D., Tayebati, S. K., Lokhandwala, M. F., & Amenta, F. (2010). Sialoglycoconjugate in the intestinal mucosa of obese Zucker rats. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 115(1-2 Suppl.).

[26] Gbadegesin, J. O., Adekanmi, A. J., Akinmoladun, J. A., & Adelodun, A. M. (2022). Determination of Fetal gestational age in singleton pregnancies: Accuracy of ultrasonographic placenta thickness and volume at a Nigerian tertiary Hospital. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 25(2), 113-119.

[27] Govender, P., Fashoto, S. G., Maharaj, L., Adeleke, M. A., Mbunge, E., Olamijuwon, J., ... & Okpeku, M. (2022). The application of machine learning to predict genetic relatedness using human mtDNA hypervariable region I sequences. Plos one, 17(2), e0263790.

[28] Holst, C., Sukums, F., Ngowi, B., Diep, L., Kebede, T., Noll, J., … & Winkler, A. (2021). Digital health intervention to increase health knowledge related to diseases of high public health concern in iringa, tanzania: protocol for a mixed methods study. Jmir Research Protocols, 10(4), e25128. https://doi.org/10.2196/25128

[29] Imran, S., Patel, R. S., Onyeaka, H. K., Tahir, M., Madireddy, S., Mainali, P., ... & Ahmad, N. (2019). Comorbid depression and psychosis in Parkinson’s disease: a report of 62,783 hospitalizations in the United States. Cureus, 11(7).

[30] Jacob, R. R., Duggan, K., Allen, P., Erwin, P. C., Aisaka, K., Yang, S. C., & Brownson, R. C. (2018). Preparing public health professionals to make evidence-based decisions: a comparison of training delivery methods in the United States. Frontiers in public health, 6, 257.

[31] Jafari, M., Ashtarian, H., & Nokhasi, P. (2021). Effect of virtual nutrition training based on the health belief model on the awareness of patients with type ii diabetes. International Journal of Health and Life Sciences, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhls.116264

[32] Kapanee, A., Meena, K., Nattala, P., Manjunatha, N., & Sudhir, P. (2022). Design and development of a training video for accredited social health activists (ashas) on brief psychological intervention for depression. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(7), 3862-3867. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_573_21

[33] Khan, A., Shrivastava, R., Tugnawat, D., Singh, A., Dimidjian, S., Patel, V., … & Naslund, J. (2020). Design and development of a digital program for training non-specialist health workers to deliver an evidence-based psychological treatment for depression in primary care in india. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5(4), 402-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00154-7

[34] Khosrow Tayebati, S., Ejike Nwankwo, I., & Amenta, F. (2013). Intranasal drug delivery to the central nervous system: present status and future outlook. Current pharmaceutical design, 19(3), 510-526.

[35] Khosrow Tayebati, S., Nwankwo, I. E., Amenta, F., Traini, E., & Borsa, M. (2011). New route for Tizanidine administration: a pharmacokinetics and light microscope autoradiography study. IJAE: Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology: 116, 1 Supplement, 2011, 183-183.

[36] Khosrow Tayebati, S., Tomassoni, D., Ejike Nwankwo, I., Di Stefano, A., Sozio, P., Serafina Cerasa, L., & Amenta, F. (2013). Modulation of monoaminergic transporters by choline-containing phospholipids in rat brain. CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-CNS & Neurological Disorders), 12(1), 94-103.

[37] Khurshid, Z., Brún, A., Moore, G., & McAuliffe, É. (2020). Virtual adaptation of traditional healthcare quality improvement training in response to covid-19: a rapid narrative review. Human Resources for Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00527-2

[38] Kuo, Y. M., Nwankwo, E. I., Nussbaum, R. L., Rogers, J., & Maccecchini, M. L. (2019). Translational inhibition of α-synuclein by Posiphen normalizes distal colon motility in transgenic Parkinson mice. American journal of neurodegenerative disease, 8(1), 1.

[39] Kuo, Y. M., Nwankwo, E. I., Nussbaum, R., Rogers, J., & Maccechini, M. L. (2019). Translational inhibition of α-synuclein by Posiphen normalizes distal colon motility in transgenic Parkinson mice. American Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases, 8(1), 1–15.

[40] Lapidos, A., Henderson, J., Garlick, J., Guzmán, R., Tyus, J., Werner, P., … & Rulli, D. (2022). Integrating oral health into community health worker and peer provider certifications in michigan: a community action report. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 82(1), 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12493

[41] LePrevost, C., Cofie, L., Bloss, J., & Lee, J. (2022). Focus groups revealed how community health workers in north carolina find, verify, and process health information for migrant and seasonal farmworkers. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 41(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12445

[42] MacRae, M., Fazal, O., & O’Donovan, J. (2020). Community health workers in palliative care provision in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature. BMJ Global Health, 5(5), e002368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002368

[43] Madu, K. E., & Nwankwo, E. I. (2018). Effects of Friction on Critical Pressure Ratio of A Nozzle. Journal of Industrial Technology, 3(1), 47-55.

[44] Madu, K. E., Nwankwo, E. I., Okoronkwo, G. O., & Onyewudiala, J. I. (2019). Micro-Mechanics Mercerization Analysis on the Tensile Strength and Interphase Quality of Stipa Stem Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 3(5), 73.

[45] Madu, K. E., Nwankwo, E. I., Okoronkwo, G. O., & Onyewudiala, J. I. (2020). Investigative analysis of the tensile and impact strengths of hybridized aluminum metal matrix composite materials. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 26(3), 72.

[46] Madu, K., & Nwankwo, E. (2018). Evaluation of pump losses: An energy principle-A review. Equatorial Journal of Engineering, 85-91.

[47] Matthew, A., Opia, F. N., Matthew, K. A., Kumolu, A. F., & Matthew, T. F. (2021). Cancer Care Management in the COVID-19 Era: Challenges and adaptations in the global south. Cancer, 2(6).

[48] Matthew, K. A., Akinwale, F. M., & Opia, F. N. (2022). The impact of telehealth on cancer care access in minority populations during the pandemic era. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Comprehensive Research, 1(6), 18–24.

[49] Matthew, K. A., Akinwale, F. M., Opia, F. N., & Adenike, A. (2021). The Relationship between oral Contraceptive Use, Mammographic Breast Density, and Breast Cancer Risk.

[50] Mohajer, N. and Singh, D. (2018). Factors enabling community health workers and volunteers to overcome socio-cultural barriers to behaviour change: meta-synthesis using the concept of social capital. Human Resources for Health, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0331-7

[51] Muke, S., Tugnawat, D., Joshi, U., Anand, A., Khan, A., Shrivastava, R., … & Naslund, J. (2020). Digital training for non-specialist health workers to deliver a brief psychological treatment for depression in primary care in india: findings from a randomized pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176368

[52] Muke, S., Tugnawat, D., Joshi, U., Anand, A., Khan, A., Shrivastava, R., … & Naslund, J. (2020). Digital training for non-specialist health workers to deliver a brief psychological treatment for depression in primary care in india: findings from a randomized pilot study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176368

[53] Muluya, K., Mugisha, J., Kithuka, P., Kibaara, K., Muwanguzi, D., Otieno, G., … & Wananda, I. (2022). Incentives for mothers, health workers and “boda–boda” riders to improve community-based referral process and deliveries in the rural community: a case of busoga region in uganda. Reproductive Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01334-9

[54] Munene, D., Alunyu, A., & Nabukenya, J. (2019). Towards a digital health curriculum for health workforce for the african region.. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.13130/v1

[55] Muniz, L., Santos, C., Moraes, M., Sampaio, E., Pires, C., & Mussi, F. (2021). Training experience with community health agents: focus on prevention and identification of stroke. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 11(7), 63. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v11n7p63

[56] Musoke, D., Ndejjo, R., Atusingwize, E., Mukama, T., Ssemugabo, C., & Gibson, L. (2019). Performance of community health workers and associated factors in a rural community in wakiso district, uganda. African Health Sciences, 19(3), 2784-2797. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.55

[57] Naslund, J., Tyagi, V., Khan, A., Siddiqui, S., Abhilashi, M., Dhurve, P., … & Bhan, A. (2022). Schizophrenia assessment, referral and awareness training for health auxiliaries (saratha): protocol for a mixed-methods pilot study in rural india. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214936

[58] Nasuti, C., Falcioni, M. L., Nwankwo, I. E., Cantalamessa, F., & Gabbianelli, R. (2008). Effect of permethrin plus antioxidants on locomotor activity and striatum in adolescent rats. Toxicology, 251(1-3), 45–50.

[59] Nurhidayah, R., Amin, M., & Tanjung, H. (2022). Virtual patient to support inter professional education and inter professional collaboration.. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220302.047

[60] Nwankwo, E. I., Amenta, F., DI CESARE MANNELLI, L., Pacini, A., Bonaccini, L., Ghelardini, C., ... & Tomassoni, D. (2011). Central nervous system changes in a model of compressive neuropathy: thioctic acid enantiomers activity.

[61] Nwankwo, E., Amenta, F., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, K. S. (2012). Central Nervous System Changes in a Model of Compressive Neuropathy: Thioctic Acid Enantiomers Activity: PP356. Pain Practice, 12, 95.

[62] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, K. (2012). P1-205 The Cholinergic Approach In Treatment Of Vascular Dementia: Evidence From Preclinical Studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4S_Part_5), P179-P179.

[63] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, K. (2012). The cholinergic approach in the treatment of vascular dementia: Evidence from preclinical studies. Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 8(4), P179.

[64] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, K. (2012). The cholinergic approach in treatment of vascular dementia: Evidence from preclinical studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4), P179.

[65] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, S. K. (2012). The cholinergic approach in treatment of vascular dementia: Evidence from preclinical studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4S_Part_5), P179–P179. (Poster presentation Abstract)

[66] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Tayebati, S., & Traini, E. (2011). Pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7(suppl.), S705–S706. (Poster presentation Abstract)

[67] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Tayebati, S., & Traini, E. (2011). P4‐023: Pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7, S705-S706.

[68] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Tayebati, S., & Traini, E. (2011). Pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 7(4), S705-S706.

[69] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Tayebati, S., Di Cesare Manelli, L., & Amenta, F. (2012). Central nervous system activity of thioctic acid enantiomers in an animal model of cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4S_Part_5). (Poster presentation Abstract)

[70] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Tayebati, S., Di Cesare Manelli, L., & Amenta, F. (2012). P1‐206: Central nervous system activity of thioctic acid enantiomers in an animal model of cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4S_Part_5), P179-P179.

[71] Nwankwo, I., Tomassoni, D., Tayebati, S., Manelli, L. D. C., & Amenta, F. (2012). Central nervous system activity of thioctic acid enantiomers in an animal model of cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 8(4), P179.

[72] O’Donovan, J., Nakku, D., Nyanzi, D., Nakasagga, E., Hamala, R., Namanda, A., … & Bhutta, M. (2021). Training, supervision and performance of community health workers in the delivery of ear and hearing care to 321 community members in rural uganda. Clinical Otolaryngology, 46(6), 1193-1199. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13815

[73] Ogbonna, C. C., Dori, G. U., Nweze, E. I., Muoneke, G., Nwankwo, I. E., & Akputa, N. (2012). Comparative analysis of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school children and rural farmers in Obollo-Eke, Enugu State, Nigeria: Implications for control. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5(4), 796–802.

[74] Olamijuwon, O. J. (2020). Real-time Vision-based Driver Alertness Monitoring using Deep Neural Network Architectures (Master's thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa)).

[75] Olaniran, A., Madaj, B., Bar-Zev, S., & Broek, N. (2019). The roles of community health workers who provide maternal and newborn health services: case studies from africa and asia. BMJ Global Health, 4(4), e001388. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001388

[76] Opia, F. N., Matthew, K. A., & Matthew, T. F. (2022). Leveraging Algorithmic and Machine Learning Technologies for Breast Cancer Management in Sub-Saharan Africa.

[77] Palesy, D., Forrest, G., & Crowley, M. (2022). Curriculum interventions and pedagogical approaches for virtual care delivery: a scoping review. Home Health Care Management & Practice, 35(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/10848223221105865

[78] Pantha, S., Aguinaldo, M., Bari, S., Chowdhury, S., Dendup, U., Gupta, R., … & Sarker, M. (2020). Facilitators and barriers to implementation of childhood tuberculosis control program in bangladesh: a mixed-methods study from brac urban dots centres in dhaka.. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-39360/v1

[79] Pantha, S., Aguinaldo, M., Hasan-ul-Bari, S., Chowdhury, S., Dendup, U., Gupta, R., … & Sarker, M. (2022). Facilitators and barriers to implementation of a childhood tuberculosis control program in bangladesh: a mixed-methods study from brac urban dots centres in dhaka. Nursing Reports, 12(2), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12020036

[80] Patel, R. D., Abramowitz, C., Shamsian, E., Okhawere, K. E., Deluxe, A., Ayo-Farai, O., ... & Badani, K. K. (2022, June). Is YouTube a good resource for patients to better understand kidney cancer?. In Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations (Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 275-e19). Elsevier.

[81] Patterson, J., Worku, B., Jones, D., Clary, A., Ramaswamy, R., & Bose, C. (2021). Ethiopian pediatric society quality improvement initiative: a pragmatic approach to facility-based quality improvement in low-resource settings. BMJ Open Quality, 10(1), e000927. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000927

[82] Paudel, P. (2020). Online education: benefits, challenges and strategies during and after covid-19 in higher education. International Journal on Studies in Education, 3(2), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonse.32

[83] Rakhshani, T., Moradi, A., Jeihooni, A., Rahmati, A., Nikbina, M., & Doostifar, K. (2022). Comparing the effectiveness of face-to-face and non-face-to-face training on oral and dental health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Diabetology, 11(6), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.5603/dk.a2022.0060

[84] Reyna, M., Almeida, R., Lopez-Macha, A., Fuller, S., Durón, Y., & Fejerman, L. (2022). Training promotores to lead virtual hereditary breast cancer education sessions for spanish-speaking individuals of latin american heritage in california. BMC Women S Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01902-y

[85] Rohilla, K., Varghese, A., Kalyani, C., Singh, N., & Rao, S. (2021). A phenomenological experience of trainer with covid-19 training: a tertiary level institution experience with simulation.. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-794702/v1

[86] Sanaeinasab, H., Saffari, M., Taghavi, H., Zarchi, A., Rahmati, F., Zaben, F., … & Koenig, H. (2022). An educational intervention using the health belief model for improvement of oral health behavior in grade-schoolers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02132-2

[87] Sherman, M., Covert, H., & Lichtveld, M. (2022). “the more we know, the more we're able to help”: participatory development of an evaluation framework for community health worker programs. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 28(5), E734-E742. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001528

[88] Sohail, S., Wajid, G., & Chaudhry, S. (2021). Perceptions of lady health workers and their trainers about their curriculum for implementing the interventions identified for essential package of health services for pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 37(5). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.4175

[89] Srivastava, A., Gope, R., Nair, N., Rath, S., Rath, S., Sinha, R., ... & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Are village health sanitation and nutrition committees fulfilling their roles for decentralised health planning and action? A mixed methods study from rural eastern India. BMC Public Health, 16, 1-12.

[90] Tayebati, S. K., Nwankwo, I. E., & Amenta, F. (2013). Intranasal drug delivery to the central nervous system: Present status and future outlook. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(3), 510–526.

[91] Tayebati, S. K., Nwankwo, I. E., Borsa, M., Traini, E., & Amenta, F. (2011). New route for tizanidine administration: A pharmacokinetics and light microscope autoradiography study. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 116(1), 183.

[92] Tayebati, S. K., Nwankwo, I. E., Zamponi, B., Tavoletti, M., & Amenta, F. (2012). Effects of stereoisomers of thioctic acid on rat renal vasculature microanatomy. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 117(2), 187.

[93] Tayebati, S. K., Tomassoni, D., Nwankwo, I. E., & Amenta, F. (2013). Activity of choline alphoscerate on cerebrovascular morphology and inflammatory markers in spontaneously hypertensive rats. European Journal of Histochemistry, 57(3), 9.

[94] Tayebati, S. K., Tomassoni, D., Nwankwo, I. E., Di Stefano, A., Sozio, P., Cerasa, L. S., & Amenta, F. (2013). Modulation of monoaminergic transporters by choline-containing phospholipids in rat brain. Journal of CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets, 12(1), 94–103.

[95] Tayebati, S. K., Tomassoni, D., Traini, E., Nwankwo, I. E., & Amenta, F. (2010). Effects of cholinergic enhancing drugs on cholinergic transporters in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, 115(1-2 Suppl.).

[96] Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Ghelardini, C., Nwankwo, I. E., Pacini, A., & Tayebati, S. K. (2013). Neuroprotective activity of thioctic acid in central nervous lesions consequent to peripheral nerve injury. BioMed Research International, November 2013.

[97] Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Farfariello, V., Amantini, C., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Nwankwo, I. E., Marini, C., & Tayebati, S. K. (2013). Brain activity of thioctic acid enantiomers: In vitro and in vivo studies in an animal model of cerebrovascular injury. International Journal of Molecular Science, 14(3), 4580–4595.

[98] Tomassoni, D., Amenta, F., Mannelli, L. D. C., Ghelardini, C., Nwankwo, I. E., Pacini, A., & Tayebati, S. K. (2013). Research Article Neuroprotective Activity of Thioctic Acid in Central Nervous System Lesions Consequent to Peripheral Nerve Injury.

[99] Tomassoni, D., Catalani, A., Cinque, C., Di Tulio, M. A., Tayebati, S. K., Cadoni, A., Nwankwo, I. E., Traini, E., & Amenta, F. (2012). Effects of cholinergic enhancing drugs on cholinergic transporters in the brain and peripheral blood lymphocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Journal of Current Alzheimer Research, 1, 120–127.

[100] Tomassoni, D., Di Cesare Mannelli, L., Nwankwo, I. E., & Ghelardini, C. (2013). Activity of thioctic acid enantiomers on spinal cord changes consequent to peripheral nerve injury. European Journal of Histochemistry, 57(suppl.).

[101] Tomassoni, D., Nwankwo, I. E., Gabrielli, M. G., Bhatt, S., Muhammad, A. B., Lokhandwala, M. F., & Amenta, F. (2013). Astrogliosis in the brain of obese Zucker rat: A model of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Neuroscience Letters, 543, 136–141.

[102] Tomassoni, D., Nwankwo, I. E., Gabrielli, M. G., Lokhandwala, M. F., & Tayebati, S. K. (2013). Brain morphological analysis of obese zucker rat: Model of metabolic syndrome. European Journal of Histochemistry, 57(1), 17–17.

[103] Tudor Car, L., Kyaw, B. M., & Atun, R. (2018). The role of eLearning in health management and leadership capacity building in health system: a systematic review. Human resources for health, 16, 1-9.

[104] Udegbe, F. C., Nwankwo, E. I., Igwama, G. T., & Olaboye, J. A. (2022). Development of portable diagnostic devices for early detection of zoonotic diseases: A one health approach. International Medical Science Research Journal, P-ISSN: 2707-3394, December.

[105] Umeta, B. and Girma, B. (2021). Health extension workers knowledge and associated factors on child immunization in bako tibe, west shewa, oromia, ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, Volume 14, 2827-2832. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s334230

[106] Willems, A., Iyamuremye, J., Misage, C., Smith‐Swintosky, V., & Kayiteshonga, Y. (2021). Co-creation and evaluation of nationwide remote training service for mental health education of community health workers in rwanda. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.632793

[107] Winters, N., Langer, L., Nduku, P., Robson, J., O’Donovan, J., Maulik, P., … & Nagraj, S. (2019). Using mobile technologies to support the training of community health workers in low-income and middle-income countries: mapping the evidence. BMJ Global Health, 4(4), e001421. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001421

@article{1708181,
      author = {Leesi Saturday Komi, Ernest Chinonso Chianumba, Adelaide Yeboah Forkuo, Damilola Osamika, Ashiata Yetunde Mustapha},
      title = {A Conceptual Framework for Training Community Health Workers Through Virtual Public Health Education Modules},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2022},
      volume = {5},
      number = {11},
      pages = {332-350},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1708181.pdf},
      abstract = {Community Health Workers (CHWs) serve as critical intermediaries between underserved populations and formal healthcare systems, particularly in low-resource and remote settings. Despite their indispensable role in promoting health equity and expanding access to essential services, CHWs often face inadequate training opportunities due to financial, geographic, and institutional barriers. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for training CHWs through virtual public health education modules, aimed at standardizing, scaling, and enhancing community-based healthcare delivery. The framework integrates principles from adult learning theory, digital pedagogy, and public health competencies to create a responsive, flexible, and culturally sensitive virtual learning environment. It is designed to support asynchronous and synchronous learning, utilizing mobile platforms, low-bandwidth technologies, and multimedia content tailored to CHWs' linguistic and literacy levels. Core components include foundational knowledge in disease prevention, maternal and child health, health promotion strategies, data collection, and emergency response. The framework also incorporates continuous assessment mechanisms, peer-to-peer interaction, and mentorship models to reinforce knowledge retention and practical application. A review of existing digital CHW training initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America highlights the feasibility and benefits of virtual learning, such as reduced travel costs, improved scalability, and timely updates on evolving health protocols. However, challenges such as digital illiteracy, inconsistent internet access, and the need for local adaptation remain prominent. The proposed framework addresses these limitations through a hybrid model that combines virtual modules with periodic in-person support, community facilitation, and localized content co-development. This conceptual framework offers a strategic path to professionalize and empower CHWs, enabling them to respond more effectively to public health needs, especially during emergencies like pandemics and natural disasters. By leveraging scalable digital tools and community-rooted learning practices, it aims to enhance CHW performance, retention, and impact. Future research should evaluate the implementation of this framework in diverse settings and its influence on health outcomes and workforce sustainability.},
      keywords = {Community Health Workers, Digital Learning, Virtual Training, Public Health Education, Low-Resource Settings, Health Equity, E-Learning, Capacity Building, Workforce Development, Conceptual Framework.},
      month = {May},
  }