Advances in Membrane Separation Technologies for Selective Contaminant Removal in High-Load Effluent Streams

• Author(s): Matluck Afolabi ; Ogechi Amanda Onukogu ; Thompson Odion Igunma ; Adeniyi K. Adeleke ; Zamathula Q. Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu
• Paper ID: 1708815
• Page: 392-411
• Published Date: 31-05-2020
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 3 Issue 11 May-2020

Abstract

Membrane separation technologies have emerged as a pivotal solution in the treatment of high-load effluent streams characterized by complex contaminant matrices, elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, and fluctuating hydraulic conditions. This systematic review explores recent advances in membrane-based processes, focusing on their enhanced selectivity, fouling resistance, and operational stability for the targeted removal of priority contaminants such as heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and emerging pollutants. Key developments include the integration of nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into membrane structures, resulting in increased permeability, improved rejection rates, and enhanced mechanical strength. Additionally, surface modification techniques, such as plasma treatment and interfacial polymerization, have been shown to reduce membrane fouling and improve hydrophilicity, which is critical for sustaining long-term performance in high-strength wastewater environments. The review also discusses hybrid systems combining membranes with adsorption, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and biological treatment units to synergize removal efficiencies and minimize secondary pollution. Emphasis is placed on pressure-driven processes such as nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), and membrane bioreactors (MBRs), which have demonstrated exceptional capacity for contaminant separation even under variable feed conditions. Moreover, recent strides in membrane modeling and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven process control are enabling predictive maintenance, real-time optimization, and energy efficiency improvements. While cost and scalability remain challenges for full-scale implementation, recent breakthroughs in membrane material design and modular system integration are paving the way for broader industrial adoption. This review concludes that the evolution of membrane technologies toward high selectivity, adaptability, and robustness presents a transformative pathway for addressing the pressing needs of industrial effluent management. Future research should focus on the development of low-cost, anti-fouling, and regenerable membranes, and the integration of real-time monitoring systems to ensure process reliability and environmental compliance.

Keywords

Membrane Separation, High-Load Effluents, Nanofiltration, Emerging Contaminants, Membrane Fouling, Hybrid Treatment, Reverse Osmosis, Membrane Bioreactor, Nanomaterials, Wastewater Treatment.

Citations

IRE Journals:
Matluck Afolabi , Ogechi Amanda Onukogu , Thompson Odion Igunma , Adeniyi K. Adeleke , Zamathula Q. Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu "Advances in Membrane Separation Technologies for Selective Contaminant Removal in High-Load Effluent Streams" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 3 Issue 11 2020 Page 392-411

IEEE:
Matluck Afolabi , Ogechi Amanda Onukogu , Thompson Odion Igunma , Adeniyi K. Adeleke , Zamathula Q. Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu "Advances in Membrane Separation Technologies for Selective Contaminant Removal in High-Load Effluent Streams" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 3(11)