Optimization of Water-Reducible Alkyd Resin Production from Cotton Seed Oil using Hybridized Response Surface Methodology-Genetic Algorithm (RSM-GA)

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@article{1709316,
      author = {Ezidinma, T. A., Ude, C. N., Amulu, N. F.},
      title = {Optimization of Water-Reducible Alkyd Resin Production from Cotton Seed Oil using Hybridized Response Surface Methodology-Genetic Algorithm (RSM-GA)},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {8},
      number = {12},
      pages = {1285-1296},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1709316.pdf},
      abstract = {Growing environmental regulations and a heightened awareness of sustainability have spurred intensive research into the development of eco-friendly coating technologies. Water-reducible alkyd resins have emerged as a promising alternative, offering the advantages of reduced VOC emissions, ease of cleanup with water, and improved safety profiles.This study focused on synthesizing Water-reducible alkyd resin from cotton seed oil utilizing a hybridized response surface methodology-genetic algorithm (RSM-GA). Key parameters influencing fractional conversion namely; reaction time, reaction temperature, acid-to-oil ratio, and catalyst concentration?were identified. The cotton seed oil was characterized and subsequently used in a multi-step process involving alcoholysis, esterification, and copolymerization to produce the alkyd resin. The process was modeled and optimized through both RSM and RSM-GA techniques. The resulting alkyd resin, produced under optimal conditions, was characterized to assess its physicochemical properties, drying behavior, and chemical resistance. Results indicated that the RSM-GA model achieved the highest yield of 92.51% at optimal parameters: 93 minutes reaction time, 243.5?C temperature, 0.332:1 acid-to-oil ratio, and 0.062 wt% catalyst concentration. This demonstrates that GA-based optimization was more effective than traditional RSM. The fractional conversion of the oil under these conditions closely matched the predicted value, and the quality of the produced alkyd resin met standard specifications. Future research is recommended to explore the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for further process enhancement.},
      keywords = {Cotton seed oil, Fractional conversion. Genetic Algorithm, Optimization, Water-reducible Alkyd resin},
      month = {June},
  }