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Performance Evaluation of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems under Tropical Climate Conditions: A Case Study of South-East Nigeria
Subject area: Science,Engineering and Technology · Area of research: Solar Energy
Abstract
This thesis presents the design and simulation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system tailored for photovoltaic (PV) deployment in Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria, with a focus on enhancing energy yield under the region?s distinct tropical climatic conditions. The study aims to evaluate the performance and efficiency of a decentralized solar energy system, optimized via MPPT algorithms, to address the energy needs of both residential and industrial sectors in South-East Nigeria. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation environment was developed, incorporating site-specific solar irradiance and ambient temperature data for the period 2021?2022. The system architecture consists of a 2.2 kW PV array, a buck-type DC-DC converter, and a 48 V, 220 Ah battery storage system, with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm employed for real-time tracking of the maximum power point. Simulation results demonstrate that the P&O-controlled MPPT system, compared to a baseline fixed-duty cycle controller, achieved 21?23% increase in harvested energy, 44% improvement in average battery charging current, Monthly conversion efficiencies ranging between 30% and 60%, Rapid dynamic convergence, even under the highly variable irradiance conditions characteristic of the wet season. These results indicate the viability of the P&O buck converter configuration for improving the performance of decentralized PV systems in the target region. Based on the findings, the study recommends Hardware prototyping and field validation, Adaptive step-size tuning in the P&O algorithm to mitigate steady-state oscillations, Integration of hybrid MPPT strategies, such as P&O combined with Incremental Conductance (IncCond), to enhance robustness under partial shading conditions.The work thus provides a technically robust and economically scalable approach to maximizing solar energy extraction in tropical, variable-sunlight regions such as South-East of Nigeria.
How to cite this paper
@article{1709661,
author = {O.C Orjiude, N. Achara, A. Sa'ad},
title = {Performance Evaluation of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems under Tropical Climate Conditions: A Case Study of South-East Nigeria},
journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
year = {2025},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {805-811},
issn = {2456-8880},
url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1709661.pdf},
abstract = {This thesis presents the design and simulation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system tailored for photovoltaic (PV) deployment in Independence Layout, Enugu State, Nigeria, with a focus on enhancing energy yield under the region?s distinct tropical climatic conditions. The study aims to evaluate the performance and efficiency of a decentralized solar energy system, optimized via MPPT algorithms, to address the energy needs of both residential and industrial sectors in South-East Nigeria. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation environment was developed, incorporating site-specific solar irradiance and ambient temperature data for the period 2021?2022. The system architecture consists of a 2.2 kW PV array, a buck-type DC-DC converter, and a 48 V, 220 Ah battery storage system, with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm employed for real-time tracking of the maximum power point. Simulation results demonstrate that the P&O-controlled MPPT system, compared to a baseline fixed-duty cycle controller, achieved 21?23% increase in harvested energy, 44% improvement in average battery charging current, Monthly conversion efficiencies ranging between 30% and 60%, Rapid dynamic convergence, even under the highly variable irradiance conditions characteristic of the wet season. These results indicate the viability of the P&O buck converter configuration for improving the performance of decentralized PV systems in the target region. Based on the findings, the study recommends Hardware prototyping and field validation, Adaptive step-size tuning in the P&O algorithm to mitigate steady-state oscillations, Integration of hybrid MPPT strategies, such as P&O combined with Incremental Conductance (IncCond), to enhance robustness under partial shading conditions.The work thus provides a technically robust and economically scalable approach to maximizing solar energy extraction in tropical, variable-sunlight regions such as South-East of Nigeria.},
month = {July},
}