Rebel Governance and Resource Control: The M23 Movement’s Quasi-State Structures in Eastern DRC

• Author(s): Oluwatimileyin Sunday Ajibode ; Professor Saleh Dauda
• Paper ID: 1710153
• Page: 616-625
• Published Date: 22-08-2025
• Published In: Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
• Publisher: IRE Journals
• e-ISSN: 2456-8880
• Volume/Issue: Volume 9 Issue 2 August-2025

Abstract

This research, “Rebel Governance and Resource Control: The M23 Movement’s Quasi-State Structures in Eastern DRC,” examines the protracted crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo’s Eastern provinces, highlighting Rwanda’s alleged involvement. It identifies illicit mineral exploitation (coltan, cobalt, gold) as a primary conflict driver, enabling the M23, reportedly backed by Rwanda, to seize resource-rich territories and establish quasi-state structures. These rebel administrations, while attempting governance, exacerbate insecurity and undermine state authority. The conflict persists due to complex political dynamics, economic incentives, and neighboring states’ involvement in illicit trade. Diplomatic efforts often fail, characterized by muted international responses that inadvertently embolden rebels. The study concludes that effective peacebuilding requires confronting rebel governance and its economic underpinnings. Recommendations include disrupting illicit financial flows, holding external actors accountable, strengthening Congolese state authority, enhancing humanitarian response, and addressing underlying structural issues.

Keywords

Rebel Governance, Resource Control, M23 Movement, Quasi-Structure, Eastern DRC.

Citations

IRE Journals:
Oluwatimileyin Sunday Ajibode , Professor Saleh Dauda "Rebel Governance and Resource Control: The M23 Movement’s Quasi-State Structures in Eastern DRC" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 2 2025 Page 616-625

IEEE:
Oluwatimileyin Sunday Ajibode , Professor Saleh Dauda "Rebel Governance and Resource Control: The M23 Movement’s Quasi-State Structures in Eastern DRC" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(2)