Analysis of Spatiotemporal Trends in Rainfall, Air Temperature, And PM2.5 Concentration in Nigeria
Abstract
This study analyzes the spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall, air temperature, and PM?.? concentrations across selected Nigerian cities from 1980 to 2023, integrating meteorological and environmental datasets to explore correlations, anomalies, and possible causal interactions in the context of climate variability and air quality. Rainfall trends vary regionally, with mild increases in Enugu and Abuja enhancing agricultural potential but raising flood risks, more pronounced increases in Uyo and Port Harcourt exacerbating flood vulnerability, and significant declines in Sokoto, Gombe, and Kano indicating progressive aridification and water stress, while Ilorin remains stable as a climatic buffer. Air temperature trends show widespread warming, most intense in southern and coastal cities (Uyo, Port Harcourt, Ikeja, Owerri, Enugu) due to urbanization, deforestation, and oceanic influences; moderate warming in the central belt (Abuja, Ilorin, Gombe) linked to seasonal and land-use changes; and slower warming in the north (Sokoto, Kano) possibly moderated by arid climate conditions. PM?.? concentrations reveal strong spatial disparities: persistently high in Port Harcourt and Kano from industrial activity, oil refining, and open burning; moderate-to-high in Ikeja from traffic and industry; moderate and fluctuating in Abuja, Enugu, and Owerri; relatively low but seasonally peaked in Ilorin and Gombe; consistently lowest in Uyo due to minimal emissions; and fluctuating in Sokoto with peaks from desert dust intrusions. These results highlight the intricate linkages between climatic and atmospheric variables in Nigeria, underscoring region-specific vulnerabilities and providing an evidence base for targeted adaptation strategies, sustainable urban development, and integrated environmental management to mitigate the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Keywords
Rainfall trend, Air temperature, PM?.? concentration, Spatiotemporal variability, Climate change, Nigeria.
Citations
IRE Journals:
A.O Obioha , T. C Chineke , Obinwanne Okafor
"Analysis of Spatiotemporal Trends in Rainfall, Air Temperature, And PM2.5 Concentration in Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 2 2025 Page 477-483
IEEE:
A.O Obioha , T. C Chineke , Obinwanne Okafor
"Analysis of Spatiotemporal Trends in Rainfall, Air Temperature, And PM2.5 Concentration in Nigeria" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(2)
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