Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Cow Bone

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@article{1710928,
      author = {Salefu O. Emmanuel, Prof. S. O Owalude},
      title = {Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst Derived from Cow Bone},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {1649-1660},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1710928.pdf},
      abstract = {This study investigates the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using a catalyst derived from cow bone, and evaluate their potential as heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel. The use of cow bone as a catalyst support holds promise as a sustainable and cost-effective approach for biodiesel manufacturing. A series of nanocatalysts, incorporating magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), and zinc (Zn) dopants into calcium oxide (CaO), were synthesized and applied in the transesterification process of waste cooking oil. The materials were characterized using multiple techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The reaction conditions were optimized to fine-tune various reaction parameters. These parameters, such as Mg, Co, and Zn doping levels, catalyst loading, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and reaction time. Remarkably, the optimal conditions yielded a good biodiesel conversion rate of 96.74%. The optimal condition was determined as, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 20:1, catalyst loading of 5wt.%, a reaction temperature of 65?C, and a reaction duration of 4 hours. Confirmation of biodiesel product was accomplished using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The outcomes indicate that the cow bone-derived porous materials, doped with Mg, Co, and Zn exhibited high catalytic activity and stability. This suggests their potential suitability for large-scale industrial biodiesel production processes.},
      keywords = {Biodiesel Production, Waste Cooking Oil, Heterogeneous Catalyst, Cow Bone, Transesterification.},
      month = {September},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.64388/IREV9I3-1710928-1972}
  }