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The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023)

Ajumobi Folashade Victoria

Subject area: Management and Commerce  ·  Area of research: Economic Growth

Abstract

The Nigerian banking sector has historically played a significant role in the nation?s economic development by mobilizing financial resources and allocating them efficiently to productive sectors. This paper examines the role of banking in promoting economic growth in Nigeria between 1980 and 2023, a period characterized by major financial reforms, including the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) of 1986, the liberalization of the financial system in the 1990s, and the banking consolidation reforms of 2004. The study highlights how the banking sector facilitated investment, credit expansion, and financial deepening, which contributed to the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). It also reviews empirical and theoretical works that link financial intermediation with growth, including recent studies on digital and hybrid financial systems. Findings indicate that an efficient banking system enhances economic growth, but persistent challenges?such as non-performing loans, weak financial inclusion, and regulatory inconsistency?have limited its full impact. The paper concludes that sustained reforms, digital innovation, and prudent regulation are essential to strengthen the sector?s contribution to Nigeria?s long-term development.

Keywords

Banking Sector, Economic Growth, Financial Intermediation, Nigeria, GDP, Digital Economy

References

[1] Acha, I. A. (2011). Financial intermediation by banks and economic growth in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2(4), 12–20.

[2] Eke, C. I. (2016). An economic assessment of Nigeria’s smartphone data bundle consumption, subscriber resource constraints and dynamics: The case of Abuja and Lagos States. Journal of Telecommunication System Management.

[3] Eke, C. I. (2019). Teledensity and economic growth in Nigeria: An impact assessment. Bingham Journal of Economics and Allied Studies, 2(2), 120–131.

[4] Eke, C. I., Magaji, S., & Ezeigwe, G. C. (2020). An economic assessment model of employment/dynamics capacity development and household telecommunication expenditure in Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 107–115.

[5] Eke, C. I., & Osi, M. U. (2023). The gathering clouds: The case of time and digital economics. East African Journal of Business and Economics, 6(1), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.6.1.1310

[6] Eke, C. I., Osi, U. M., Sule, M., & Musa, I. (2023). State control of digital-fiat-electronic currency transmission in an economy: The case of hybrid currency. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 92–96.

[7] McKinnon, R. I., & Shaw, E. S. (1973). Money and capital in economic development. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

[8] Nnanna, O. J. (2004). Financial sector development and economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical investigation. Economic and Financial Review, 42(3), 1–19.

[9] Schumpeter, J. A. (1911). The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

[10] Soludo, C. C. (2004). Consolidating the Nigerian banking industry to meet the development challenges of the 21st century. CBN Occasional Paper Series, 4(2), 1–30.

[11] Ajumobi, F. V. (2023). Financial sector development and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Finance and Accounting (IREJOURNAL).

How to cite this paper

Ajumobi Folashade Victoria "The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023)" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 9 Issue 4 2025 Page 712-714
Ajumobi Folashade Victoria "The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023)" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct. 2025
Ajumobi Folashade Victoria (2025). The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023). Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 9(4).
Ajumobi Folashade Victoria "The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023)" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, vol. 9, no. 4, Oct. 2025.
@article{1711303,
      author = {Ajumobi Folashade Victoria},
      title = {The Role of Banking on the Economic Growth of the Nigerian Economy (1980?2023)},
      journal = {Iconic Research And Engineering Journals},
      year = {2025},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {712-714},
      issn = {2456-8880},
      url = {https://www.irejournals.com/formatedpaper/1711303.pdf},
      abstract = {The Nigerian banking sector has historically played a significant role in the nation?s economic development by mobilizing financial resources and allocating them efficiently to productive sectors. This paper examines the role of banking in promoting economic growth in Nigeria between 1980 and 2023, a period characterized by major financial reforms, including the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) of 1986, the liberalization of the financial system in the 1990s, and the banking consolidation reforms of 2004. The study highlights how the banking sector facilitated investment, credit expansion, and financial deepening, which contributed to the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). It also reviews empirical and theoretical works that link financial intermediation with growth, including recent studies on digital and hybrid financial systems. Findings indicate that an efficient banking system enhances economic growth, but persistent challenges?such as non-performing loans, weak financial inclusion, and regulatory inconsistency?have limited its full impact. The paper concludes that sustained reforms, digital innovation, and prudent regulation are essential to strengthen the sector?s contribution to Nigeria?s long-term development.},
      keywords = {Banking Sector, Economic Growth, Financial Intermediation, Nigeria, GDP, Digital Economy},
      month = {October},
  }